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Policing Sexuality explores the regulation of sexual behavior and identity by nation states, and will question how and why states have sought to influence and control the sexuality of their citizens. This unique book simultaneously introduces the topic and argues for interpretation of state policing of sexuality. The author presents both theoretical and ethnographic literature, distilling common themes and causes and presenting factors that contribute towards a state's desire to control both the sexual behavior and sexual identity of its citizens, such as the influence of colonialism, class, religion, and national identity. This book features five crucial case studies from India, Britain, the USA, Malaysia, and Turkey. Policing Sexuality illuminates this fascinating study with comparative accounts.
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Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page i Policing Sexuality Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page ii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Julian C. H. Lee is a Lecturer in the School of Arts and Social Sciences, Monash University. He previously held an Economic and Social Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Kent. As well as numerous articles in journals and other publications, he is the author of Islamization and Activism in Malaysia (2010) and the editor of The Malaysian Way of Life (2010). He is also involved in organizations that advocate for sexuality rights and women’s rights in Malaysia. Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page iii Policing Sexuality Sex, Society, and the State Julian C. H. Lee Strategic Information and Research Development Centre KUALA LUMPUR Zed Books LONDON & NEW YORK Lee01 #72 22/7/11 08:02 Page vi Policing Sexuality: Sex, Society and the State was first published in 2011 by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London N1 9JF, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.zedbooks.co.uk Copyright © Julian C. H. Lee 2011 The right of Julian C. H. Lee to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 Designed and typeset in Monotype Dante by Kate Kirkwood Index by John Barker Cover designed by www.alice-marwick.co.uk Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St Martin’s Press, LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available ISBN 978 1 84813 898 8 eb Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page v Contents Introduction 1 • Gender, Sex, and Sexuality 1 7 2 • From Society 27 3 • To the State 46 4 • India 70 5 • The United States of America 83 6 • Malaysia 97 7 • Turkey 109 8 • Britain 121 9 • Comparing the Case Studies 134 10 • The Terrain of Sexuality Rights 142 Conclusion 158 References Index 168 183 Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page vi Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page vii To E. D. Lewis Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page viii Lee01 #72 #72 5/8/11 14:57 Page 1 Introduction Around the world, States have enacted and enfo