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WORLDMARK ENCYCLOPEDIA National Economies of WORLDMARK ENCYCLOPEDIA National Economies of Volume 1 – Africa Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast, Editors Jeffrey Lehman and Rebecca Parks, Editors William Harmer, Contributing Editor Brian J. Koski, Jeffrey Wilson, Associate Editors Shelly Dickey, Managing Editor Mary Beth Trimper, Manager, Composition and Electronic Prepress Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition Purchasing and Electronic Prepress Barbara J. Yarrow, Manager, Imaging and Multimedia Content Randy Bassett, Imaging Supervisor Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Mary K. Grimes, David G. Oblender, Image Catalogers Robyn V. Young, Project Manager, Imaging and Multimedia Content Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist Christine O’Bryan, Graphic Specialist Michelle DiMercurio, Senior Art Director Susan Kelsch, Indexing Manager Lynne Maday, Indexing Specialist Trademarks and Property Rights While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual materials herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information