DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE 53 PETROLEUM RELATED ROCK MECHANICS 2nd EDITION DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE 53 Volumes 1–7, 9–35, 37–41, 44–45, 48–51 are out of print. 8 36 42 43 46 47 52 53 Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering The Practice of Reservoir Engineering (Revised Edition) Casing Design—Theory and Practice Tracers in the Oil Field Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production PVT and Phase Behaviour of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics (2nd Edition) DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE 53 PETROLEUM RELATED ROCK MECHANICS 2nd EDITION E. F JÆR , R.M. H OLT, P. H ORSRUD , A.M. R AAEN & R. R ISNES† Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK First edition 1992 Second edition 2008 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
[email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: ISSN: 978-0-444-50260-5 0376-7361 For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Hungary 08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Rasmus Risnes in Memoriam It is with great regret that we announce the passing of Professor Rasmus Risnes who died on the 3rd of December 2004 after a prolonged struggle against ill health. He was active in the field of rock mechanics right up to the end and made a significant contribution to this second edition which, regretfully, he will never see. Rasmus was a very pleasant individual whose vast knowledge and pedagogical expertise was a continual source of inspiration to us all. He was recognized as one of the pioneers in petroleum-related rock mechanics, both nationally and internationally, and his early work on sand failure is still regarded as a classic. In later years he turned his attention to the Chalk and established a highly reputable research and teaching laboratory at the University of Stavanger (Norway). Rasmus will be sorely missed by his many colleagues and friends in the rock mechanics community. Erling Rune Per Arne Marius This page intentionally left blank vii Preface to the second edition During the years that have passed since the first edition of this book, petroleum rel