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This book examines issues in alternative and mainstream education systems. It presents not only alternative forms of education facing actual issues in societies but also legal and administrative features of education. The book, dealing with issues of minority in education system, addresses school development in the 21st century as well as what kind of educational community should be created in the age of globalization.
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ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION EDUCATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: ISSUES, CONCERNS AND PROSPECTS Volume 10 Series Editors-in-Chief: Dr. Rupert Maclean, UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Education, Bonn; and Ryo Watanabe, National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) of Japan, Tokyo Editorial Board Robyn Baker, New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington, New Zealand Dr. Boediono, National Office for Research and Development, Ministry of National Education, Indonesia Professor Yin Cheong Cheng, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, China Dr. Wendy Duncan, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines Professor John Keeves, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Dr. Zhou Mansheng, National Centre for Educational Development Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Professor Colin Power, Graduate School of Education, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Professor J. S. Rajput, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, India Professor Konai Helu Thaman, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji AdvisoryBoard Professor Mark Bray, Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, PR of China; Dr Agnes Chang, National Institute of Education, Singapore; Dr Nguyen Huu Chau, National Institute for Educational Sciences, Vietnam; Professor John Fien, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Professor Leticia Ho, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Dr Inoira Lilamaniu Ginige, National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka; Professor Philip Hughes, ANU Centre for UNESCO, Canberra, Australia; Dr Inayatullah, Pakistan Association for Continuing and Adult Education, Karachi, Pakistan; Dr Rung Kaewdang, Office of the National Education Commission, Bangkok, Thailand; Dr Chong-Jae Lee, Korean Educational Development Institute, Seoul, Korea; Dr Molly Lee, UNESCO Bangkok, Thailand; Naing Yee Mar, Glocorp, The Netherlands; Mausooma Jaleel, Maldives College of Higher Education, Male, Maldives; Professor Geoff Masters, Australian Council for Educational Research, Melbourne, Australia; Dr Victor Ordonez, Senior Education Fellow, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA; Dr Khamphay Sisavanh, National Research Institute of Educational Sciences, Ministry of Education, Lao PDR; Dr Max Walsh, Secondary Education Project, Manila, Philippines Alternative Education Global Perspectives Relevant to the Asia-Pacific Region YOSHIYUKI NAGATA National Institute for Educational Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan University A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 1-4020-4985-4 (HB) 978-1-4020-4985-9 (HB) 1-4020-4986-2 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4986-6 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. To Yuma and Aoi SERIES SCOPE T