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TRIBOLOGY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL JOINTS TRIBOLOGY SERIES Advisory Editor: DOUGLAS SCOTT Editorial Board W.J. Bartz (Germany, F.R.G.) C.A. Brockley (Canada) E. Capone (Italy) H. Czichos (Germany, F.R.G.) W.A. Glaeser (U.S.A.) M. Godet (France) H.E. H intermann (Switzerland) Vol. 1 Vol. 2 Vol. 3 Vol. 4 I.V. Kragelskii (U.S.S.R.) K.C. Ludema (U.S.A.) A.J.W. Moore (Australia) G.W. Rowe (Gt. Britain) T. Sakurai (Japan) J.P. Sharma (India) Tribology - A Systems Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear (Czichos) Impact Wear of Materials (Engel) Tribology of Natural and Artificial Joints (Dumbleton) Tribology of Thin Layers (Iliuc) TRIBOLOGY SERIES, 3 TRIBOLOGY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL JOINTS JOHN H. DUMBLETON Director, New Product Technology (Europe), Howrnedica, Limerick, Ireland ELSEVI ER SCI ENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM - OXFORD - NEW YORK 1981 ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY 335 Jan van Galenstraat P.O. Box 21 1,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for rhe United Stater and Canada: ELSEVIER/NORTH-HOLLAND INC. 52, Vanderbilt Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017 Llbrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Dala Dumbleton, John B Tribologg of natural and artificial joints. (Trlbology series ; v. 3) Bibliograpby: p. Includes index. 1. Artificial joints--Materlals. 2. Joints. 3. h.ibology. I. Title. 11. Series. ~ ~ 6 8 6 . ~ 8 5 681 .761 80-18875 ISM 0444-41898-9 ISBN: 0-44441898-9 (Val. 3) ISBN: 0-444-416773 (Series) 8 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1981 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or bv any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, P.O. Box 330,1000 A H Amsterdam, The Netherlands Printed i n The Netherlands Contributors Professor V. Wright, Department of Rheumatology, Chapter 2 University of Leeds, U.K. Professor G.R. Higginson and Dr. T. Unsworth, Chapter 3 Department of Engineering Science, University of Durham, U.K. Professor H.G. Willert and Dr. G. Buchhorn, Ortho- Chapter 10 paedic Clinic, GBttingen University, West Germany. and Dr. M. Semlitsch, Department of Research and Development, Sulzer Bros. Ltd., Wintertur, Switzerland. Acknowledgement I would like to thank several people associated with this work. The illustrations were drawn by Leo Murphy and Gerard Slattery and the typing done by Geraldine Considine. This Page Intentionally Left Blank VII CONTENTS ................... ..................................... .......................... ..................................... Acknowledgement. Preface. Chapter 1. I1. . IV. I11 ............... ..................................... 2 Joint prosthesis performance. 4 .................................... Failure of total hip prostheses, 1 ................................. . Short term causes of removal, ................................. ......................................... 3 . Summary of failures in hip prostheses, ........................ V . Failure of total knee prostheses, ................................ I . Complications of total knee replacement, ...................... 2 . Summary of knee prosthesis failures, ........................... VI. Failure of other types of joint prostheses, ...................... VII . Relevance of friction and wear measurements. ..................... VIII. Some areas for wear measurement