Race, Nation, And Religion In The Americas

Race, Nation, and Religion in the Americas HENRY GOLDSCHMIDT ELIZABETH McALISTER, Editors OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Race, Nation, and Religion in the Americas This page intentionally left blank Race, Nation, and Religion in the Americas edited by henry goldschmidt and elizabeth mc alister 1 2004 1 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright 䉷 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Race, nation, and religion in the Americas / edited by Henry Goldschmidt and Elizabeth McAlister. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514918-1; 0-19-514919-X (pbk.) 1. America—Race relations—History. 2. America—Religion. 3. Blacks—America— Religion. 4. African Americans—Religion. 5. Indians—Religion. 6. Jews—America— History. I. Goldschmidt, Henry. II. McAlister, Elizabeth A. E29.A1R33 2004 305.6'0973—dc22 2003066225 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Koukou and Goog This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments We are deeply indebted to all of the individuals and institutions who supported our work over the years it took to bring this project to fruition. This collection was first conceived following a panel on similar themes we organized at the 1998 annual conference of the American Anthropological Association, then further developed through a panel we organized at the 2000 annual conference of the Association for the Sociology of Religion. Thanks to all of the panelists who contributed to these productive dialogues: Karen McCarthy Brown, Kamari Clarke, Cheryl Townsend Gilkes, Sharmila Rudrappa, Nina Schnall, and Jennifer Wojcikowski. Our work on the collection found an institutional and intellectual home through our affiliations with the Institute for the Advanced Study of Religion at Yale University. Our heartfelt thanks to Jon Butler, Ken Minkema, Harry Stout, the IASRY staff, and all of the participants in their warm and wonderful conferences and colloquia. Thanks, as well, to all of the friends and colleagues who commented on or contributed to this project along the way, including (but by no means limited to): Algernon Austin, Christine Ayorinde, Michael Barkun, Ron Cameron, Eric Canin, Mattias Gardell, Eddie Glaude, Jr., David Shorter, Derek Williams, and our anonymous reviewers from Oxford University Press. Henry would also like to thank Ben Chesluk and David Valentine (the Writer’s Bloc), and Jillian Shagan. Liza would also like to thank Holly Nicolas, her colleagues in the Wesleyan University Faculty Seminar on Intersexion- viii acknowledgments ality, and her students in the course “Religion and the Social Construction of Race.” Liza is particularly grateful to Robin Nagel, for years of rich and sustaining dialogue and friendship. It was a pleasure to work with the authors who contributed to the collection. As is the case with any true collaboration, our understanding of the project was both enriched and challenged through our engagement with their work. Thank you all. And thanks, in particular, to Judith Weisenfeld, whose research and teaching on race and religion helped us imagine this project in the first p