Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY Edited by A. H. ROSE School of Biological Sciences Bath University England and J. F. WILKINSON Department of General Microbiology University of Edinburgh Scot land VOLUME 5 1971 ACADEMIC PRESS - LONDON and NEW YORK ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. B E R K E L E Y SQUARE HOUSE BERKELEY SQUARE LONDON, W l X 6 B A U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK Copyright 10003 0 1971 By ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. .411 Rights Reserve11 N o part of this hook may hc reproduced 111 any form by photostat, microfilm, or any othrr means, without written permission from tho publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67- 19850 SBN: 12-027705-0 PRINTED I N GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES & SONS LIMITED LONDON, COLCEESTER AND BECCLES Contributors t o Volume 5 JOHN R. B E N E B I A N N , L)cpartmeiat of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. LV. W. FORREST*, C S I l i O , Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Kintore d v t ~ t i ~ rB c ,d c b i d c , South Australia, Australia. JILLIAN C . GALBRAITH,Department of Biology, Paisley College of Technology, P(tislcy , ~ % o t h l d . 11.J. KLUG,Ikpartvnciit of Microbiology, Univcmity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, u.A!!f.L4 . A. J. ~ L ~ ~ L I ~ O1)epartmmtt V E T Z , of Microbiology, University of Iowa,Iowa City, IO?UO, [ T AS.I PETER R. SIXPLAIR~, Biochemistry Ucpcwtment, University of Ktntucky Mc.dir.nl (’~ntcr,Lmi?igfo?i,Kentucky, 40506, l7.S.A . JoIm E. SMITH,1)cparfmcnt of d pplic d Microbiology, University of Strathclydp, (:kin!]oui, Scotki7ld. D. J. W A L K E R , CI!?II?O i)ivisiotL of h ’ u t r i l i o n d Rioch~mistry,Kintore Avciaue, ddc [tridc. Soittli dirntrriliri, Aicstrnliri. DAVIDC W m m , Biochemistry Bcpartmeiit, Uiiiversity of Kentucky Medical (’mt tc r , Le~iii!qfoia,l i c ri f ?icky, 40506, U .#.A. I t 4 Y B I O N D (>. 1)qxirtmc t i t of BiocI~c m i c i 94720, U.N.A. ry. 1JnivPrsily of Cali- * Present ciddrcss: Tho Australian Wine Research Inst.itiitt., Waite Road, Urrbrac,. Soutli Aiistralin, Australia. t Present address: Rockefcllcr University, New York, N. Y., U.S.A. V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors t o Volume 5 . . v Utilization of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Micro-organisms M. J. KLUG and A. J. MARKOVETZ I. Intl.octuction . 11. Organisms . A. Ycasts . B. Filamentous Fungi . C. Bacteria 111. Ecological Studies . . IV. Growth as Indicator of Substrate Specificity A. Bacteria B. Yeasts . C. Filamentous Fungi . D. Comments . . V. Induction and Repression of Hydrocarbon Oxidation VI. oxidation without Assimilation VIII. Mechanisms of Oxidation A. 72-Alkanes . B. Alk-1-enes . . . . IX. Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons . X. Aclinowledgement References . . vii 1 . . 2 2 . 4 . 5 . G . . . . 7 7 9 13 14 . 17 . . 17 . . VII. I’athways of Hydrocarbon Oxidation A. Bacteria . 13. Yeasts . C. IMamentoiis Fungi . . . . . . . 18 19 24 29 30 30 37 . . 39 . . 39 39 ... Vlll CONTENTS Biochemical and Physiolo