ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH VOLUME 20 Contributors to This Volume Heinz Bauer Max Michael H. Levy M. Burger G. J. V. Nostal P. 1. Grover Annette M. C. Rapin Sir Alexander Haddow P. Sims E. Frederick Wheelock ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH Edited by GEORGE KLEIN Department of Tumor Biology Karolinska lnstitutet Stockholm, Sweden SIDNEY WEINHOUSE Fels Research Institute Temple University Medical School Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Consulting Editor ALEXANDER HADDOW Chester Beatty Research Institute Institute of Cancer Research Royal Cancer Hospital London, England Volume 20-7974 ACADEMIC PRESS New York A Subsidiary of Horcourt Brace Jovonovich, Publishers San Francisco London COPYRIGHT 0 1974, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. N O PART O F THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY F O R M OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, W I T H O U T PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM T H E PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York. N e w York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road. London N W l LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:52-1 3360 ISBN 0- 12-006620-3 PRINTED I N T H E UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME20 . . . . . . . . . ix Tumor Cell Surfaces: General Alterations Detected by Agglutinins ANNETTEM. C. RAPINAND MAX M. BURGER I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Correlation between Lectin Binding, Agglutinability, and the Transformed State . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Discussion on Possible Mechanisms of Agglutination . . . . IV. Relevance of Cell Surface Alterations in Growth Control . . . , V. Surface Changes in the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . VI. Survey of Chemical Differences Found in the Surfaces of Transformed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cells VII. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 20 43 66 71 77 78 Principles of Immunological Tolerance and lmmunocyte Receptor Blockade G. J. V. NOSSAL I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Background Concepts about the Mechanism of Action of Antigens . 111. Possible Levels for Immunity-Tolerance Signal Discrimination . . IV. Tolerance Induced in T and B Lymphocytes by Soluble, Oligovalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antigens . V. Tolerance Induced in T and B Lymphocytes by Antigens Possessing Multiple Repeating Determinants . . . . . . . . . VI. Tolerance in T and B Lymphocytes Produced by Antigen-Antibody Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII. Effector Cell Blockade by Multivalent Antigens . . . . . VIII. Suppressor T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . IX. Relevance of Tolerance and Effector Cell Blockade to Cancer . . X. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 95 99 103 108 113 116 119 122 125 126 The Role of Macrophages in Defense against Neoplastic Disease MICHAELH. LEVYAND E. FREDERICK WHEELOCK I. Introduction . . . . . 11. RES and Tumor Resistance . . 111. Macrophages and Tumor Resistance IV. Conclusion . . . . . References . . . . . V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 134 137 155 156 vi CONTENTS Epoxides in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolism and Carcinogenesis P. Sixrs . AND P. L. GROVER . . . . .