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SECOND EDITION Nutritional Assessment of Athletes © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC SECOND EDITION Nutritional Assessment of Athletes Edited by Judy A. Driskell Ira Wolinsky Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4398-1821-3 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Dedication We would like to dedicate this book to Sylvia Wood, Project Editor at CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group LLC. Sylvia worked with us and the chapter contributors for almost two decades. She made sure that the books and each of the associated chapters were correctly formatted, grammatically correct, appropriately referenced, and copyrights obtained if needed. She was hardworking, responsible, and easy to work with. She played a major role in helping us and the chapter contributors publish quality books and chapters. On January 26, 2010 she lost her years-long struggle with cancer. We miss her and her dedicated service. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix The Editors.................................................................................................................xi Contributors............................................................................................................ xiii Section I Dietary Assessment of Athletes Chapter 1 Estimation of Food and Nutrient Intakes of Athletes...........................3 Robert J. Moffatt, Virginia B. Tomatis, Donna A. Harris, and Ashley M. Deetz Chapter 2 Evalu