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Nowadays organized crime is a very important political issue in Europe. However, scientific studies on the nature and seriousness of this problem are very scarce in the member states of the Council of Europe and the European Union. This national study on organized crime in The Netherlands was prepared for the Commission of Inquiry of the Dutch Parliament that recently made an investigation into the regulation and use of undercover policing. It not only contains an analysis of the contemporary manifestations of traditional organized crime, but also answers the question whether organized crime has already penetrated legitimate sectors of the economy or not. In addition special attention is paid to the role of the liberal professions and the banking system; and to the use of counter-strategies by criminal groups (corruption, intimidation, violence, disinformation, etc.).
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ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE NETHERLANDS This page intentionally left blank Organized Crime in The Netherlands CYRILLE FIJNAUT Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, K. U. Leuven, Belgium Professor of Law, Global Law School Program, New York Universitj School of l a w , U.S.A. FRANK BOVENKERK Professor of Criminology, Universiteit Utrecht. The Netherlands GERBEN BRUINSMA Professor of Criminology, Universiteit Twente, The Netherlands and HENK VAN DE BUNT Professor of Criminology, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands Director of the Research and Documentation Centre of the Minishy of Justice, The Netherlands KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE / LONDON / BOSTON A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 90-41 1-1027-5 Published by Kluwer Law International, P.O. Box 85889,2508 CN The Hague, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Law International, 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U S A . In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Law International, Distribution Centre, P.O. Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved O 1998 Kluwer Law International Kluwer Law International incorporates the publishing programmes of Graham & Trotman Ltd, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Printed in the Netherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword I. I. 1 I. 2 General Introduction Design of the Study Contents of the Chapters 11. Defining Organized Crime Definition Debate in the Netherlands Refbting a Mafia Underworld Turning Point: The Randstad Initiative Preventing the Criminal Disruption of Society Definition of Organized Crime in the Study Subject of the Definition Contents of the Definition Conclusion 11. 1 11. 1. 1 11. 1. 2 11. 1. 3 11. 2 11. 2. 1 11. 2. 2 11. 3 111. 111. 1 111. 2 111. 3 111. 3. 1 111. 3. 1. 1 111.3. 1 . 2 111. 3. 1. 3 111. 3. 2 111. 3. 2. 1 111. 3. 2. 2 111. 4 111. 4. 1 111. 4. 2 Possibilities and Limitations of Research on Organized Crime Introduction Empirical Research on Organized Crime Design and Implementation of the Study Conducting the Research Complementary Strategy Analytical Framework Confidentiality of the Information The Police as Source of Knowledge Selectivity of Police Data Reliability of Police Data National Studies Dutch, Immigrant and Foreign Criminal Groups Organized Crime in Legitimate Sectors of the Economy Organized Crime in the Netherlands 111. 4. 3 111. 4. 4 111.