Springer Series in optical sciences founded by H.K.V. Lotsch Editor-in-Chief: W. T. Rhodes, Atlanta Editorial Board: T. Asakura, Sapporo K.-H. Brenner, Mannheim T. W. H¨ansch, Garching T. Kamiya, Tokyo F. Krausz, Wien and Garching B. Monemar, Lingk¨oping H. Venghaus, Berlin H. Weber, Berlin H. Weinfurter, M¨unchen 103 Springer Series in optical sciences The Springer Series in Optical Sciences, under the leadership of Editor-in-Chief William T. Rhodes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, provides an expanding selection of research monographs in all major areas of optics: lasers and quantum optics, ultrafast phenomena, optical spectroscopy techniques, optoelectronics, quantum information, information optics, applied laser technology, industrial applications, and other topics of contemporary interest. With this broad coverage of topics, the series is of use to all research scientists and engineers who need up-to-date reference books. The editors encourage prospective authors to correspond with them in advance of submitting a manuscript. Submission of manuscripts should be made to the Editor-in-Chief or one of the Editors. Editor-in-Chief William T. Rhodes Ferenc Krausz Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, USA E-mail:
[email protected] Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1 85748 Garching, Germany E-mail:
[email protected] and Institute for Photonics Gußhausstraße 27/387 1040 Wien, Austria Editorial Board Toshimitsu Asakura Hokkai-Gakuen University Faculty of Engineering 1-1, Minami-26, Nishi 11, Chuo-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 064-0926, Japan E-mail:
[email protected] Karl-Heinz Brenner Chair of Optoelectronics University of Mannheim Institute of Computer Engineering B6, 26 68131 Mannheim, Germany E-mail:
[email protected] Theodor W. H¨ansch Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1 85748 Garching, Germany E-mail:
[email protected] Takeshi Kamiya Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology National Institution for Academic Degrees 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-0012, Japan E-mail:
[email protected] Bo Monemar Department of Physics and Measurement Technology Materials Science Division Link¨oping University 58183 Link¨oping, Sweden E-mail:
[email protected] Herbert Venghaus Heinrich-Hertz-Institut f¨ur Nachrichtentechnik Berlin GmbH Einsteinufer 37 10587 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
[email protected] Horst Weber Technische Universit¨at Berlin Optisches Institut Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
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