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Design and Analysis of Clinical Nursing Research Studies This invaluable text on the design and analysis of clinical nursing research studies explains the basics of experimental design and statistics in a way that is sensitive to the clinical context in which nurses work. It uses data from actual studies to illustrate how to: • • • • • design the study use and select data interpret data present the research findings use a computer for statistical analysis The scope of the study designs and associated statistical techniques covered in the book allows both the beginning nurse researcher and the more seasoned professional nurse investigator to approach a research study with confidence and optimism. The authors show how qualitative data can be approached quantitatively, what the advantages of this are from a nursing viewpoint, and how quantitative methodology can help nurses to develop a common research language with other disciplines involved in patient care. Colin R.Martin is Lecturer in Mental Health, and David R.Thompson is Professor of Nursing, both at the Department of Health Studies, University of York. Routledge Essentials for Nurses Series editors: Robert Newell, University of Leeds, and David Thompson, University of York Routledge Essentials for Nurses cover four key areas of nursing: • • • • core theoretical studies psychological and physical care nurse education new directions in nursing and health care. Written by experienced practitioners and teachers, books in the series encourage a critical approach to nursing concepts and show how research findings are relevant to nursing practice. Nursing Theories and Models Hugh McKenna Nursing Perspectives on Quality of Life Peter Draper Education for Patients and Clients Vivien Coates Caring for People in Pain Bryn D.Davis Body Image and Disfigurement Care Robert Newell Design and Analysis of Clinical Nursing Research Studies Colin R.Martin and David R.Thompson Sociology and Nursing Peter Morrall Design and Analysis of Clinical Nursing Research Studies Colin R.Martin and David R.Thompson London and New York First published 2000 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. © 2000 Colin R.Martin & David R.Thompson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Martin Colin R., 1964– Design and analysis of clinical nursing research studies/Colin R.Martin & David R.Thompson. p. cm. —(Routledge essentials for nurses) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-22598-1 (hb)—ISBN 0-415-22599-X (pb) 1. Nursing—Research—Methodology. 2. Nursing—Research— Statistical methods. 3. Clinical medicine—Research— Methodology. I. Thompson, David R. II. Title. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Clinical Nursing Research—methods. 2. Research Design—Nurses’ Instruction. 3. Statistics—Nurses’ Instruction. WY 20.5 m379bd 2000] RT81.5 .M27 2000 610.73‘07‘2–dc21 00–034485 ISBN 0-203-13498-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-17991-9 (Glassbook Format) This book is dedicated to Caragh Brien-Martin, Eloise Lily Robbins and Luke and Jack Thompson Contents List of illustrations Acknowledgements Foreword ix xi xii 1 Clinical research in nursing