Advances in PARASITOLOGY VOLUME I This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by BEN DAWES Department of Zoology, King's College, University of London, England VOLUME I 1963 ACADEMIC PRESS London and New York ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. Berkeley Square House Berkeley Square London, W. 1 U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 Fifth Avenue New York 3, New Yo& Copyrigh 0 1963 by Wt$REMIC PRESS J m.(LONDON) LTD All Rights Reserved &reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, or No part of this b o a any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-22124 PRINTED I N GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLMER BROTHERS AND HARAM LIMITED, BIRKENHEAD, ENGLAND CONTRIBUTORS T O VOLUME 1 C. HORTON-SMITH, Houghton Poultry Research Station, Houghton, Huntingdon, England (p. 67) CLAY G. HUFF,Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. (p. 1) JOHNE. LARSH,JR., Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. (p. 213) J. LLEWELLYN, Department of Zoology and Comparative Physiology, The University, Birmingham, England (p. 287) P. L. LONG,Houghton Poultry Research Station, Houghton, Huntingdon, England (p. 67) D. POYNTER, Parasitology Department, Allen & Hanbury’s Ltd., Ware, Hertfordshire, England (p. 179) W. P. ROGERS, University of Adelaide, South Australia (p. 109) R. I. SOMMERVILLE, McMaster Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, C.S.I.R.O., alebe, N.S.W., Australia (p. 109) This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE Recent intensification of research throughout the world has induced much specialization in biological fields, creating a situation in which researchers preoccupied with particular projects tend to become comparatively uninformed about progress in matters which are of subsidiary interest to them. Text books soon become out of date and teachers no longer have the power to abstract and collate idem and information which are sufficient to their needs from the original literature of science. Those who seek research projects for postgraduate students are anxious to know what has been done or is being done in other colleges, universities and research institutions in this or some other country. Books of the Advances type are a boon to students, teachers and professional scientists, satisfying an urgent need in modern life. Parasitology has its roots in morphology and taxonomy and its branches in ecology, embryology and physiology, with some recent spreading into biophysics and biochemistry. Advances in Parasitology will provide authentic, well documented reviews of progress in various fields of endeavour, extending its scope towards the limits of existing knowledge and indicating where research effort can best be expended in the future. Considering how difficult it is to persuade specialists in research to lay down their tools, or labour farther into the night, writing down the results of their enquiries on the wave-front of knowledge in special fields, it has been my good fortune to get a satisfying initial response. This probably indicates not only a willingness to impart highly technical information in interesting ways, but also firm convictions that such writing will have great appeal to an army of biologists marching towards a worthy goal-greater understanding of the unique, intimate relationship between parasites and their hosts. The first contribution concerns avian malaria and in it Clay G. Huff deplores the undesirable and unwarranted decline in interest on research in this field. The eradication of human malaria is not complete, and by neglecting the subject of avi