Managing Water Demand This page intentionally left blank Managing Water Demand Policies, Practices and Lessons from the Middle East and North Africa Edited by Ellysar Baroudy, Abderrafii Abid Lahlou and Bayoumi Attia International Development Research Centre Ottawa • Cairo • Dakar • Montevideo • Nairobi • New Delhi • Singapore Published by IWA Publishing, Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QS, UK Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7654 5500; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7654 5555; Email:
[email protected] Web: www.iwapublishing.com First published 2005 © 2005 IDRC and IWA Publishing Index prepared by Indexing Specialists, Hove, UK. Printed by Lightning Source Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of photographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to IWA Publishing at the address printed above. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for errors or omissions that may be made. Disclaimer The information provided and the opinions given in this publication are not necessarily those of IWA or of IDRC, and should not be acted upon without independent consideration and professional advice. IWA, IDRC and the editors will not accept responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by any person acting or refraining from acting upon any material contained in this publication. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 184339104X Contents Foreword by Lamia El Fattal (IDRC, Cairo) Acknowledgements The Editors 1. Water Demand Management: The Way Forward? Ellysar Baroudy Rationale for the Water Demand Management Forums What is Water Demand Management? Why Involve Decision-makers? The Knowledge Network Highlights from the Forums References 2. Wasterwater Reuse Abderrafii Abid Lahlou Introduction Integrating Reuse into Water Resource Management: A Pressing Need Issues and Implications in the Middle East and North Africa vii x xii 1 2 4 5 7 7 10 11 12 12 12 vi Managing Water Demand Alternative Uses for Treated Wastewater Environmental and Social Concerns Conclusion References 19 20 22 23 3. Water Valuation Abderrafii Abid Lahlou Introduction Functions and Objectives of Water Pricing Pricing Practices in Countries of the Middle East and North Africa Impact of Pricing on Water Saving: Results to Date Conclusions References 25 4. Public–Private Partnerships Bayoumi Attia Introduction Public-Private Partnerships in Countries of the Middle East and North Africa The Case of Amman, Jordan The Case of Morocco Issues and Implications for the Region Conclusions References 5. Decentralization and Participatory Irrigation Management Bayoumi Attia Introduction Key Issues Facing the Region Analysis and Discussion of the Case Studies Impacts and Implications of Decentralization Knowledge Gaps Conclusions References 6. Conc