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HIPPOCRATES IN CONTEXT STUDIES IN ANCIENT MEDICINE EDITED BY JOHN SCARBOROUGH PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK ANN HANSON NANCY SIRAISI VOLUME 31 HIPPOCRATES IN CONTEXT Papers read at the XIth International Hippocrates Colloquium University of Newcastle upon Tyne 27–31 August 2002 EDITED BY PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 Cover illustration: Late fifteenth-century portrait of Hippocrates sitting, reading. Behind him, two standing philosophers dispute (Wellcome Library, London). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISSN 0925–1421 ISBN 90 04 14430 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ Acknowledgements ...................................................................... Abbreviations .............................................................................. ix xiii xv 1. THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE Cause and crisis in historians and medical writers of the classical period .................................................................. Jacques Jouanna 3 Hippocratic explanations ............................................................ Jane Barton 29 On Ancient Medicine and its intellectual context ........................ Francis Dunn 49 On Ancient Medicine on the nature of human beings ................ Mark J. Schiefsky 69 Art, science and conjecture, from Hippocrates to Plato and Aristotle ............................................................................ Véronique Boudon-Millot 87 Modelli espositivi relativi alla prognosi nel Corpus Hippocraticum (Prorrhetico 2, Malattie 1–3, Affezioni, Affezioni Interne, Prognosi di Cos) ................................................ 101 Daniela Fausti vi contents 2. THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE The social and intellectual context of Regimen II .................... 121 John Wilkins The Hippocratic impact on healing cults: the archaeological evidence in Attica .................................................................. 135 Maria Elena Gorrini The cities of the Hippocratic doctors ...................................... 157 Hui-hua Chang Error, loss, and change in the generation of therapies .......... 173 Julie Laskaris The Hippocratic Treatise Peri Opsios, ‘De videndi acie, On the Organ of Sight’ .............................................................. 191 Elizabeth M. Craik Coan promotions and the authorship of the Presbeutikos .............. 209 Eric D. Nelson 3. ‘HIPPOCRATIC’ AND ‘NON-HIPPOCRATIC’ MEDICINE Air, pneuma and breathing from Homer to Hippocrates ...... 239 Antoine Thivel Microcosm and macrocosm: the dual direction of analogy in Hippocratic thought and the meteorological tradition .................................................................................. 251 Frédéric Le Blay About philosophy and humoural medicine .............................. 271 Paul Demont c