The Physiology Of Flowering Plants

This page intentionally left blank The Physiology of Flowering Plants Fourth Edition This latest edition of The Physiology of Flowering Plants has been completely updated to cover the explosion of interest in plant biology. A whole-plant approach has been used to produce an integrated view of plant function, covering both the fundamentals of whole plant physiology and the latest developments in molecular biology. New developments in molecular techniques are explained within practical applications such as genetically modified plants. The book further examines: * * * photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth and development; nutrition, water relations, photomorphogenesis and stress physiology; function, with particular attention to adaptations to different habitats. Each chapter is fully referenced with suggestions for complementary reading including references to original research papers. The Physiology of Flowering Plants is valuable to both undergraduate and postgraduate students studying plant biology. HELGI O¨PIK was Senior Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Wales, Swansea until her retirement. Throughout her career she has taught plant physiology at all undergraduate levels, and since retiring has lectured in plant physiology for adult education. Her research interests have included plant respiration and ultrastructure, always aiming at integration of structure and physiological function. STEPHEN ROLFE was awarded a European Molecular Biology Fellowship and undertook postdoctoral research on the phytochrome regulation of gene expression at the University of California, Los Angeles. He took up a post at the Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield in 1991. His research interests include the study of photosynthesis and primary plant metabolism, with a special interest in non-invasive imaging techniques. The Physiology of Flowering Plants Fourth Edition ¨ pik Helgi O Formerly Senior Lecturer, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Swansea Stephen A. Rolfe Senior Lecturer, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Academic Consultant Editor Arthur J. Willis Emeritus Professor, University of Sheffield Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521662512 © H. Ö pik & S. Rolfe 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2005 - - - - - - eBook (NetLibrary) - - - eBook (NetLibrary) - - - - - - hardback - - - hardback - - - - - - paperback - - - paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Preface page ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Appreciating plants 1.2 What kind of plant physiology? 1.3 Molecular biology and plant physiology: the integration of disciplines 1.4 Outline of the text 1 Part I 2 3 5 Nutrition and transport Chapter 2 Flow of energy and carbon through the plant: photosynthesis and respiration 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Energy flow and carbon turno