Ethics, Culture, And Psychiatry: International Perspectives

ETHICS, CULTURE, AND PSYCHIATRY International Perspectives This page intentionally left blank ETHICS, CULTURE, AND PSYCHIATRY International Perspectives Edited by Prof. Ahmed Okasha Prof. Julio Arboleda-Flórez Prof. Norman Sartorius Washington, DC London, England Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate as of the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. For this reason and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of a physician who is directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family. Books published by the American Psychiatric Press, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of the Press or the American Psychiatric Association. Copyright © 2000 American Psychiatric Press, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper 03 02 01 00 4 3 2 1 First Edition American Psychiatric Press, Inc. 1400 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC www.appi.org 20005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ethics, culture, and psychiatry / edited by Ahmed Okasha, Julio Arboleda-Florez, Norman Sartorius. — 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88048-999-5 (alk. paper) 1. Psychiatric ethics. 2. Cultural psychiatry. 3. Psychiatry, Transcultural. I. Ukashah, Ahmad. II. Arboleda-Florez, J. (Julio), 1939- . III. Sartorius, N. [DNLM: 1. Ethics, Medical. 2. Psychiatry. 3. Cross-Cultural Comparison. WM 62 E833 2000] RC455.2E8 E836 2000 616.89—dc21 99-040828 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Contents Contributors ix Preface xi SECTION I Ethics and Psychiatry Around the World 1 Ethics and the Societies of the World 3 Prof. Norman Sartorius 2 The Impact of Arab Culture on Psychiatric Ethics 15 Prof. Ahmed Okasha 3 Conflicts and Crises in Latin America 29 Prof. Julio Arboleda-Flórez Prof. David N. Weisstub 4 A West Mediterranean Perspective Prof. Juan J. López-Ibor, Jr. Dr. M. Dolores Crespo 47 5 Scandinavian Approaches 65 Dr. Marianne Kastrup 6 Culture and Ethics of Managed Care in the United States 83 Dr. Renato D. Alarcon 7 Ethics in Sub-Saharan Africa 103 Prof. Michael O. Olatawura 8 The Indian Experience 109 Prof. R. Srinivasa Murthy 9 Ethics and Psychiatry in China 119 Prof. Xiehe Liu 10 Intersubjectivity and Its Influence on Psychiatry in Japan Prof. Yoshibumi Nakane Prof. Mark Radford 133 SECTION II Overarching Issues 11 Research Involving Incompetent Patients: A Current Problem in Light of German History 147 Prof. Dr. Hanfried Helmchen 12 Informed Consent: A Historical and Medical Perspective 167 Prof. Dr. Dr. Jochen Vollmann 13 An International Perspective on Mental Health Law Reform 189 Pr