E-Book Overview
This book discusses the application of geochemical models to environmental practice and studies, through the use of numerous case studies of real-world environmental problems, such as acid mine drainage, pit lake chemistry, nuclear waste disposal, and landfill leachates. In each example the authors clearly define the environmental threat in question; explain how geochemical modeling may help solve the problem posed; and advise the reader how to prepare input files for geochemical modeling codes and interpret the results in terms of meeting regulatory requirements.
E-Book Content
Environmental Applications of Geochemical Modeling Geochemical modeling is a powerful tool for characterizing environmental site contaminations and predicting environmental impacts. This book discusses the application of geochemical models to environmental practice and studies, through the use of numerous case studies of real-world environmental problems. It will thus help students to relate class-room learning to real-life issues, and help practitioners to see more clearly the benefits of geochemical modeling for their own work. Environmental Applications of Geochemical Modeling opens with background chapters on thermodynamics, kinetics, and geochemical modeling in general. Case studies are then presented which illustrate the application of various types of geochemical models to such diverse problems as acid mine drainage, nuclear waste disposal, bioavailability and risk assessment, mine tailings and mining waste, pit lake chemistry, deep well injection, chemical weathering, artificial recharge, landfill leachate, and microbial respiration rates. In each example the authors clearly define the environmental threat in question; explain how geochemical modeling may help solve the problem posed; and advise the reader how to prepare input files for geochemical codes and interpret the results in terms of meeting regulatory requirements. Models covered include speciation– solubility, surface complexation, mass transfer/reaction path, inverse mass balance, and coupled reactive transport models. The examples also demonstrate the use of many popular geochemical modeling codes such as phreeqc, minteqa2, eq3/6, and The Geochemist’s Workbench™. Support material for the book, including program codes, input files and exercise problems, is available on the internet. This book will serve as an advanced textbook for courses in environmental geochemistry, and as an indispensable reference for professional hydrogeologists, geochemists, engineers, and regulators, working in the environmental consulting industry. Chen Zhu received a Master’s degree from the University of Toronto and a Ph.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University (1992), before being awarded a post-doctoral fellowship at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He subsequently worked for five years in the environmental industry, where he encountered many environmental problems first-hand and routinely used geochemical modeling as a tool in his work. Dr Zhu is now an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh where he teaches courses in geochemical modeling. Greg Anderson has been Professor of Geochemistry at the University of Toronto for 35 years and is the author of two textbooks on thermodynamics for Earth scientists: Thermodynamics in Geochemistry (1993) and Thermodynamics of Natural Systems (1995). In 2000 he was awarded the Past President’s medal by The Mineralogical Association of Canada for contributions to geochemistry. This page intentionally left blank Environmental Applications of Geochemical Modeling Chen Zhu University of Pittsburgh Greg Anderson University of Toronto PUBLISHED BY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS (VIRTUAL PUBLISHING) FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP 40 W