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This book analyzes [ejido] land as space of urbanization and location of economic activities and capital and land privatization as a redistributive process with local, urban, regional and global consequences.
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L AT I N A M E R I C A N S T U D I E S Social Sciences and Law Edited by David Mares University of California, San Diego A ROUTLEDGE SERIES LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES: SOCIAL SCIENCES DAVID MARES, General Editor OBSERVING OUR HERMANOS DE ARMAS U.S. Military Attachés in Guatemala, Cuba, and Bolivia, 1950-1964 Robert O. Kirkland AND LAW LAND PRIVATIZATION MEXICO IN Urbanization, Formation of Regions, and Globalization in Ejidos María Teresa Vázquez Castillo ROUTLEDGE New York & London Published in 2004 by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. "To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Copyright © 2004 Routledge All rights reserved. No part of this book may be printed or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now know or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or any other information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vázquez Castillo, Marı´a Teresa. Land privatization in Mexico: urbanization, formation of regions, and globalization in ejidos / by Marı´a Teresa Vázquez Castillo. p. cm.—(Latin American studies. Social sciences and law) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-94654-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Ejidos—Mexico. 2. Ejidos—Law and legislation—Mexico. 3. Land tenure—Government policy—Mexico. 4. Privatization—Mexico. I. Title. II. Series: Latin American studies (Routledge (Firm)). Social Sciences and law. HD1289.M6V39 2004 333.3’172—dc22 ISBN 0-203-32725-X Master e-book ISBN 2004001249 A mis papás, a mis hermanas y a mis sobrinas y sobrinos, por permitirme la ausencia de estos años. A mi abuelita, una mujer Indígena en la Ciudad de México. A los Zapatistas, por su lucha por la tierra y el derecho a un espacio. Contents List of Tables ix List of Figures xi List of Maps Acknowledgments Chapter One Deregulating the Ejido: The New Article 27 xiii xv 1 Chapter Two Origins and Transformation of Article 27 in Mexico 21 Chapter Three Urban and Regional Dimensions of Article 27 45 Chapter Four Privatization of Ejido Land in the Age of NAFTA 75 Chapter Five San Luis R´ıo Colorado: The First Ejido to Privatize its Land 97 Chapter Six Privatization through Expropriation: The Case of the Ejido La Poza, Guerrero 119 Chapter Seven Ixtaltepec: An Indigenous Ejido 143 Chapter Eight Comparing the Three Ejidos/Comparing Privatizations 163 Appendix 179 Notes 183 Bibliography Index 203 217 vii List of Tables Table 1.1 Multiple Representations of the Ejido in the Past 90 Years 5 Table 1.2 The Three Ejidos Selected 11 Table 1.3 Three Ejidos in Three Different Regions (Overview) 17 Table 2.1 Conflicting Political Movements in the Revolution by Region, Ethnicity, Class, and Agrarian Agenda 30 Land Redistributed by Pre-Cárdenas Administrations and by Cárdenas, 1917–1992 53 Table 3.2 Urban and Rural Population in Mexico, 1900–1990