Langford’s Advanced Photography Seventh Edition This page intentionally left blank Langford’s Advanced Photography Seventh Edition Michael Langford FBIPP, HonFRPS Royal College of Art, London Efthimia Bilissi MSc PhD AIS ARPS Senior Lecturer University of Westminster, London Contributors Elizabeth Allen BSc MSc Course Leader BSc (Hons) Photography and Digital Imaging University of Westminster, London Andy Golding Head of Department of Photography and Film University of Westminster, London Hani Muammar BSc MSc PhD MIET Senior Scientist Kodak European Research Sophie Triantaphillidou BSc PhD ASIS FRPS Leader Imaging Technology Research Group University of Westminster, London AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 30 Corporate drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA First published 1969 Second edition 1972 Third edition 1974 Fourth edition 1980 Fifth edition 1989 Reprinted 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Sixth edition 1998 Reprinted 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Seventh edition 2008 Copyright © 2008, Pamela Langford, Dr. Efthimia Bilissi. Contributors: Elizabeth Allen, Dr. Sophie Triantiphilidou, Andy Golding and Dr. Hani Muammar. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All right reserved The right of Dr. Efthimia Bilissi, Michael Langford, Elizabeth Allen, Dr. Sophie Triantiphilidou, Andy Golding and Dr. Hani Muammar to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: ( 44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
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