Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY Edited by A. H. ROSE School of Biological Sciences Bath University, U K Volume 34 ACADEMIC PRESS Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers London San Diego New York Boston Sydney Tokyo Toronto ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24-28 Oval Road London NWl 7DX US Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. San Diego CA 92101 Copyright 0 1993 by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED This book is printed on acid-free papei All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in microbial physiology. Vol. 34 1. Micro-organisms-Physiology I . Rose, A. H. 576’.11 OR84 ISBN 0-12427734-4 ISSN 0065-291 1 Typeset by J&L Composition Ltd, Filey, North Yorkshire Printed in Great Britain by The University Press, Cambridge Contributors D. J. Adams Department of Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK P. V. Dunlap Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA M. T. Elskens Laboratorium voor Analytische Scheikunde en Geochemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium G. W. Gooday Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 l A S , UK E. A. Meighen Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6 M. J. Penninckx Unit6 de Physiologie et Ecologie Microbiennes, FacultC des Sciences, UniversitC Libre de Bruxelles, CERIA, av. E . Gryson 1 , B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium J. G. H. Wessels Department of Plant Biology, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands P. K. Wolber D N A Plant Technology Corporation, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland, CA 94608, USA This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors V Physiological, Biochemical and Genetic Control of Bacterial Bioluminescence EDWARD A. MEIGHEN and PAUL V. DUNLAP I. Introduction 11. Biochemistry 111. Molecular biology IV. Physiological and genetic control of lux-gene expression V. Evolution and ecology VI. Acknowledgements References 2 6 24 35 48 58 58 Sex Hormones and Fungi GRAHAM W. GOODAY and DAVID J . ADAMS I. Introduction 69 11. Endogenous hormones 70 103 111. Endogenous regulators of sexual development 105 IV. Interactions of mammalian hormones with fungi V. Signal transduction following interactions of ula mating factors 132 or mammalian hormones with yeasts VI. Conclusions 133 VII. Acknowledgements 134 References 134 Fruiting in the Higher Fungi JOSEPH G. H. WESSELS 1. Introduction 11. Development of emergent structures 147 149 111. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. Control of fruiting by mating-type genes Accessory regulatory genes controlling fruiting Molecular and biochemical indices of fruiting Environmental control of fruiting Rapid expansion of fruit bodies Biotechnology Conclusions Acknowledgements References Note added in proof 155 170 175 180 185 190 192 194 194 20 1 Bacterial Ice Nucleation PAUL K. WOLBER 1. Introduction IT. Physical basis of ice nucleation 111. Bacterial ice-nucleation genes and proteins TV. Environmental significance of bacterial ice nucleation V. Applications of bacterial ice nucleation VI. Concluding remarks References 203 204 21 1 230 231 233 235 Metabolism and Functions of Glutathione in Micro-organisms MICHAEL J. PENNINCKX and MARC T. ELSK