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Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in Microbiology.The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays.Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics including Archaea and Sick Building Syndrome.Impact factor for 2003: 1.893

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ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology VOLUME 59 This page intentionally left blank ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology Edited by ALLEN I. LASKIN Somerset, New Jersey GEOFFREY M. GADD Dundee, United Kingdom SIMA SARIASLANI Wilmington, Delaware VOLUME 59 AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright ß 2006, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (www.copyright.com), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2006 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0065-2164/2006 $35.00 Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (þ44) 1865 843830, fax: (þ44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected] You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting ‘‘Support & Contact’’ then ‘‘Copyright and Permission’’ and then ‘‘Obtaining Permissions.’’ For information on all Academic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com ISBN-13: 978-0-12-002661-6 ISBN-10: 0-12-002661-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 06 07 08 09 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Biodegradation by Members of the Genus Rhodococcus: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Genetic Adaptation MICHAEL J. LARKIN, LEONID A. KULAKOV, AND CHRISTOPHER C. R. ALLEN I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Introduction ............................................................................ General Features of Rhodococci: Taxonomy and Diversity ..................... Biodegradation Capabilities .......................................................... Environmental Distribution and the Significance of Gene Transfer ........... Genetic Basis of Biodegradation Capability ....................................... Conclusions and Prospects ........................................................... References ..................