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State of Nature or Eden? Thomas Hobbes and his Contemporaries on the Natural Condition of Human Beings aims to explain how Hobbes' state of nature was understood by a contemporary readership, whose most important reference point for such a condition was the original condition of human beings at the creation, in other words in Eden. The book uses ideas about how readers brought their own reading of other texts to any reading, that reading is affected by the context in which the reader reads, and that the Bible was the model for all reading in the early modern period. It combines these ideas with the primary evidence of the contemporary critical reaction to Hobbes, to reconstruct how Hobbes' state of nature was read by his contemporaries. The book argues that what determined how Hobbes' seventeenth century readers responded to his description of the state of nature were their views on the effects of the Fall. Hobbes' contemporary critics, the majority of whom were Aristotelians and Arminians, thought that the Fall had corrupted human nature, although not to the extent implied by Hobbes' description. Further, they wanted to look at human beings as they should have been, or ought to be. Hobbes, on the other hand, wanted to look at human beings as they were, and in doing so was closer to Augustinian, Lutheran and Reformed interpretations, which argued that nature had been inverted by the Fall. For those of Hobbes' contemporaries who shared these theological assumptions, there were important parallels to be seen between Hobbes' account and that of scripture, although on some points his description could have been seen as a subversion of scripture. The book also demonstrates that Hobbes was working within the Protestant tradition, as well as showing how he used different aspects of this tradition.
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State of Nature or Eden? Rochester Studies in Philosophy Senior Editor: Wade L. Robison Rochester Institute of Technology ISSN: 1529-188X The Scottish Enlightenment: Essays in Reinterpretation Edited by Paul Wood Kant’s Legacy: Essays in Honor of Lewis White Beck Edited by Predrag Cicovacki Plato’s Erotic Thought: The Tree of the Unknown Alfred Geier Rationality and Happiness: From the Ancients to the Early Medievals Edited by Jiyuan Yu and Jorge J.E. Gracia History of Reasonableness: A Testimony and Authority in the Art of Thinking Rick Kennedy State of Nature or Eden? Thomas Hobbes and His Contemporaries on the Natural Condition of Human Beings Helen Thornton State of Nature or Eden? Thomas Hobbes and His Contemporaries on the Natural Condition of Human Beings Helen Thornton THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER PRESS Copyright © 2005 Helen Thornton All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2005 University of Rochester Press 668 Mt. Hope Avenue Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.urpress.com and of Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9 Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 1–58046–196–4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thornton, Helen, 1964State of nature or Eden? : Thomas Hobbes and his contemporaries on the natural condition of human beings / Helen Thornton. p. cm. – (Rochester studies in philosophy, ISSN 1529-188X) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58046-196-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. Leviathan. 2. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679–Criticism and interpretation–History–17th century. 3. Bible. O.T. Genesis–Criticism, interpretation, etc.–History–17th century. 4. Hobbes, Thom