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This volume contains review articles covering a broad range of topics in image processing and analysis. The topics covered include image analysis - which has united and harmonized a host of heterogeneous material; contemporary approaches to the Fourier transform; number theoretic transforms, which are particularly attractive for discrete, finite signals; the use of the Wigner distribution - which encodes both spatial and spectral information, for image filtering; and applications of the concept of information energy. These up-to-date surveys are intended to provide the reader with access to the latest results in the extremely active field of image science.
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ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 44 CONTRIBUTORS TO THISVOLUME A. A. Barybin David J. Bates Richard 1. Knight Lloyd Kusak Steven T. Manson Aris Silzars Salvatore Spinella J. L. Teszner S. Teszner Gernot M. R. Winkler Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY L. MARTON Smithsonian Instirution, Washington, D.C. Assistant Editor CLAIREMARTON EDITORIAL BOARD E. R. Piore T. E. Allibone M. Ponte H. B. G. Casimir W. G. Dow A. Rose L. P. Smith A. 0. C. Nier F. K. Willenbrock VOLUME 44 1977 ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT @ 1977, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. N O PART O F THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM T H E PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 11 1 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition prrblislied by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARDNUMBER:49-7504 ISBN 0-12-014644-4 PRINTED IN TH E UNITED STATES O F AMERICA CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ix . Atomic Photoelectron Spectroscopy I1 STEVEN T. MANSON I . Photoionization Cross Sections . . . I1 . Photoelectron Angular Distributions . 111. Summary and Concluding Remarks . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15 29 30 Timekeeping and Its Applications GERNOT M . R . WINKLER I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 . Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Time Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . IV . RemoteTime Measurements-Synchronization . . . V . Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 43 73 77 88 90 Electrodynamic Concepts of Wave Interactions in Thin-Film Semiconductor Structures. I A . A . BARYBIN I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Searches for Methods of Design and Analysis of Solid-state Traveling-Wave Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Generalized Theory of Normal-Mode Excitation in Active Polarized-Medium Waveguides by External Sources . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 100 . . . . . 110 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 172 174 213 Microwave Power Semiconductor Devices. I1 Critical Review S. TESZNER AND J . L . TESZNER Three-Terminal Devices I . Bipolar Transistors. . . . . References for Section I . . . I1. Field-Effect Transistors . . . References for Section I1 . . . Present Trends and Future Development Power Semiconductor Devices I. Present Trends . . . .