Novel Approaches in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence Yingxu Wang University of Calgary, Canada Information science reference Hershey • New York Director of Editorial Content: Assistant Development Editor: Director of Production: Managing Editor: Assistant Managing Editor: Typesetter: Cover Design: Printed at: Kristin Klinger Deborah Yahnke Jennifer Neidig Jamie Snavely Carole Coulson Michael Brehm Lisa Tosheff Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail:
[email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com and in the United Kingdom by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanbookstore.com Copyright © 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Novel approaches in cognitive informatics and natural intelligence / Yingxu Wang, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book covers issue of cognitive informatics with a transdisciplinary enquiry of cognitive and information sciences that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, and their engineering applications via an interdisciplinary approach"--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-60566-170-4 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-60566-171-1 (ebook) 1. Neural computers. 2. Cognitive science. 3. Artificial intelligence. I. Wang, Yingxu. QA76.87.N68 2009 006.3--dc22 2008018331 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book set is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. Novel Appraoches in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence is part of the IGI Global series named Advances in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence (ACINI) Series, ISBN: Pending If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http://www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication. Advances in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence (ACINI) Series ISBN: pending Editor-in-Chief: Yingxu Wang, University of Calgary, C