Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6346 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison, UK Josef Kittler, UK Alfred Kobsa, USA John C. Mitchell, USA Oscar Nierstrasz, Switzerland Bernhard Steffen, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos, USA Gerhard Weikum, Germany Takeo Kanade, USA Jon M. Kleinberg, USA Friedemann Mattern, Switzerland Moni Naor, Israel C. Pandu Rangan, India Madhu Sudan, USA Doug Tygar, USA Advanced Research in Computing and Software Science Subline of Lectures Notes in Computer Science Subline Series Editors Giorgio Ausiello, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Italy Vladimiro Sassone, University of Southampton, UK Subline Advisory Board Susanne Albers, University of Freiburg, Germany Benjamin C. Pierce, University of Pennsylvania, USA Bernhard Steffen, University of Dortmund, Germany Madhu Sudan, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Deng Xiaotie, City University of Hong Kong Jeannette M. Wing, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Mark de Berg Ulrich Meyer (Eds.) Algorithms – ESA 2010 18th Annual European Symposium Liverpool, UK, September 6-8, 2010 Proceedings, Part I 13 Volume Editors Mark de Berg Department of Mathematics and Computing Science TU Eindhoven Eindhoven, The Netherlands E-mail:
[email protected] Ulrich Meyer Institute for Computer Science Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany E-mail:
[email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933821 CR Subject Classification (1998): F.2, I.3.5, C.2, E.1, G.2, D.2 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 1 – Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues ISSN ISBN-10 ISBN-13 0302-9743 3-642-15774-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-642-15774-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper 06/3180 543210 Preface This volume contains the 69 papers presented at the 16th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2010), held in Liverpool during September 6–8, 2010, including three papers by the distinguished invited speakers Artur Czumaj, Herbert Edelsbrunner, and Paolo Ferragina. ESA 2010 was organized as a part of ALGO 2010, which also included the 10th Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI), the 8th Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA), and the 10th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modeling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS). The European Symposium on Algorithms covers research in the design, use, and analysis of efficient algorithms and data structures. As in previous years, the symposium had two tracks: the Design an