Research In Transportation Economics: Measuring The Marginal Social Cost Of Transport, Vol. 14 (2005)

MEASURING THE MARGINAL SOCIAL COST OF TRANSPORT i RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS Series Editor: Martin Dresner Volumes 1–6: Research in Transportation Economics – Edited by B. Starr McMullen Volume 7: Railroad Bankruptcies and Mergers from Chicago West 1975–2001: Financial Analysis and Regulatory Critique – Michael Conant Volume 8: Volume 9: Volume 10: Volume 11: Volume 12: Volume 13: Economic Impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Innovations and Case Studies – Evangelos Bekiaris and Yuko Nakanishi Road Pricing: Theory and Evidence – Georgina Santos Transportation Labor Issues and Regulatory Reform – James Peoples and Wayne K. Talley Interurban Road Charging for Trucks in Europe – Jose´ Manuel Viegas Shipping Economics – Kevin Cullinane Global Competition in Transportation Markets: Analysis and Policy Making – Katsuhiko Kuroda and Adib Kanafani ii RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS VOLUME 14 MEASURING THE MARGINAL SOCIAL COST OF TRANSPORT EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER NASH Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, U.K. BRYAN MATTHEWS Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, U.K. Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo iii ELSEVIER B.V. Radarweg 29 P.O. Box 211 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands ELSEVIER Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA ELSEVIER Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK ELSEVIER Ltd 84 Theobalds Road London WC1X 8RR UK r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work is protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to its use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single chapters may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected] Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/