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This book examines the role religion plays in international relations as well as why this role has been ignored until now by international relations theorists. Fox and Sandler argue that while religion is not the driving force in world politics, international relations cannot be understood without taking religion into account. Religious legitimacy influences policy makers and their constituents; local religious phenomena, especially religious conflicts, cross borders; many transnational issues like human rights and population control have religious components. The authors also examine Huntington's Clash of Civilizations, which touches indirectly upon the role of religion in current world politics, and provide insights into the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Bringing Religion into International Relations
Culture and Religion in International Relations Series Editors Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil Published by Palgrave Macmillan Dialogue Among Civilizations: Some Exemplary Voices By Fred Dallmayr Religion in International Relations: The Return from Exile Edited by Fabio Petito and Pavlos Hatzopoulos Identity and Global Politics: Empirical and Theoretical Elaborations Edited by Patricia M. Goff and Kevin C. Dunn Reason, Culture, Religion: The Metaphysics of World Politics By Ralph Pettman Bringing Religion into International Relations By Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler
Bringing Religion into International Relations Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler
BRINGING RELIGION INTO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
© Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler, 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 1–4039–6551–X hardback Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fox, Jonathan, 1968– Bringing religion into international relations / Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandier. p. cm.—(Culture and religion in international relations) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–6551–X 1. Religion and international affairs. I. Sandler, Shmuel. II. Title. III. Series. BL65.I55+ 201⬘.727—dc22
2003064012
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: June 2004 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America.
In memory of Daniel J. Elezar, a pioneer in the study of religion in the public square
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Contents
1. Introduction
1
2. The Overlooked Dimension
9
3. Religion and Legitimacy
35
4. Local Religious Conflicts are International Issues
63
5. Transnational Religious Phenomena
83
6. The Clash of Civilizations Debate
115
7. The Palestinian–Israeli Conflict: A Case Study of Religion and International Politics
137
8. Toward a Theory of International Relations and Religion
163
Notes Bibliography Index
181 191 209
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Chapter 1
Introduction he attacks on the Twin Towers in New York City and the ensuing ones in Washington and Pennsylvania by Osama Bi