E-Book Overview
This introductory book on numerical weather prediction focuses on the spectral transform method, which is an important component for global weather forecasts at numerous operational centers. Therefore, it is an indispensable guide to the methods being used by nearly all major weather forecast centers in the United States, England, Japan, India, France, and Australia. The objectives of this book are to provide a systematic and sequential background for students, researchers, and operational weather forecasters in order to develop comprehensive weather forecast models. The chapter exercises allow it to be used as a graduate textbook for courses in meteorology as well.
E-Book Content
An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling Second Revised and Enlarged Edition
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES LIBRARY VOLUME 35
Editors Lawrence A. Mysak, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Kevin Hamilton, International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Editorial Advisory Board L. Bengtsson A. Berger P.J. Crutzen J.R. Garratt G. Geernaert M. Hantel A. Hollingsworth H. Kelder T.N. Krishnamurti P. Lemke P. Malanotte-Rizzoli S.G.H. Philander D. Randall J.-L. Redelsperger S.H. Schneider F. Schott G.E. Swaters J.C. Wyngaard
Max-Planck-Institut fur ¨ Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany Universit´e Catholique, Louvain, Belgium Max-Planck-Institut fur ¨ Chemie, Mainz, Germany CSIRO, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia DMU-FOLU, Roskilde, Denmark Universitat ¨ Wien, Austria European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), De Bilt, The Netherlands The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A. Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany MIT, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. Princeton University, NJ, U.S.A. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A. METEO-FRANCE, Centre National de Recherches M´et´eorologiques, Toulouse, France Stanford University, CA, U.S.A. Universitat ¨ Kiel, Kiel, Germany University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling Second Revised and Enlarged Edition
T.N. Krishnamurti Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
H.S. Bedi Delhi, India
V.M. Hardiker Houston, TX, USA
L. Ramaswamy Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
T.N. Krishnamurti Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
H.S. Bedi c/o Vinny Bedi 84 Mausam Bhawan Delhi 11051 India
V.M. Hardiker Bell South Houston, TX 75063 USA
L. Ramaswamy Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005935659 ISBN-10: 0-387-30254-9 ISBN-13: 978-0387-30254-6 Printed on acid-free paper. C 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. First edition C 1998 Oxford University Press All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subj