Explosive Loading Of Engineering Structures

EXPLOSIVE LOADING OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES Also available from E & FN Spon Design Against Fire: An introduction to fire safety engineering design Edited by P.Stollard and L.Johnston Designer’s Guide to Dynamic Response of Structures A.Jeary Earthquake Engineering Y-X.Hu, S-C.Liu and W.Dong Fire Engineering and Emergency Planning: Research and applications R.Barham Fire, Static and Dynamic Tests of Building Structures Edited by G.S.T.Armer and T.O’Dell Natural Risk and Civil Protection Edited by T.Horlick-Jones, A.Amendola and R.Casale Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures Edited by K.S.Virdi Structural Assessment: The role of large and full-scale testing Edited by K.S.Virdi, J.L.Clarke, G.S.T.Armer and F.K.Garas Structural Design of Hazardous Loads J.L.Clarke and F.K.Garas Structural Engineering—Fracture mechanics A.Carpinteri Structural Failure: Technical, legal and insurance aspects Edited by H.P.Rossmanith For more information about these and other titles please contact: The Marketing Department, E & FN Spon, 2–6 Boundary Row, London, SE1 8HN. Tel: 0171–865 0066 Explosive Loading of Engineering Structures A history of research and a review of recent developments P.S.Bulson Consultant to the Mott MacDonald Group Visiting Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton E & FN SPON An Imprint of Chapman & Hall London · Weinheim · New York · Tokyo · Melbourne · Madras Published by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK Chapman & Hall, GmbH, Pappelallee 3, 69469 Weinheim, Germany Chapman & Hall USA, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Chapman & Hall Japan, ITP-Japan, Kyowa Building, 3F, 2–2–1 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan Chapman & Hall Australia, 102 Dodds Street, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia Chapman & Hall India, R.Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT East, Madras 600 035, India First edition 1997 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1997 Philip Bulson ISBN 0-203-47386-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-78210-0 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0 419 16930 X (Print Edition) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Notation xi Introduction xvii 1 The nature of explosions 1.1 The development of low and high explosives 1.2 Nuclear explosions 1.3 The analysis of detonation and shock in free air 1.4 The decay of instantaneous overpressure in free air 1.5 References 1 1 6 8 18 25 2 The detonation of explosive charges 2.1 Ground burst explosions 2.2 Above-ground explosions 2.3 Below-ground explosions 2.4 Underwater explosions 2.5 Equivalent pressure fac