Advances in ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL, PHYSICS VOLUME 37 Editors BENJAMIN BEDERSON New York University New York, New York HERBERT WALTHER Max-Plank-Institutf i r Quantenoptik Garching bei Munchen Germany Editorial Board P. R. BERMAN University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan M. GAVRILA F. 0. M. Institute voor Atoom-en Molecuul’sica Amsterdam, The Netherlands M. INOKW Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois W. D. PHILIPS National Institute for Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland Founding Editor SIR DAVIDBATES ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS Edited by Benjamin Bederson DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS NEW YORK UNIVERSITY NEW YORK, NEW YORK Herbert Walther UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH AND MAX-PLANK INSTITUT d R QUANTENOPTIK MUNICH, GERMANY Volume 37 @ ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego New York London Sydney Boston Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1996 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uklap/ International Standard Serial Number: 1049-25OX International Standard Book Number: 0-12-003837-4 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 96 97 9 8 9 9 00 O l Q W 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents vii CONTRIBUTORS Evanescent Light-Wave Atom Mirrors. Resonators. Waveguides. and Traps Jonathan P. Dowling and Julio Gea-Banacloche I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Atom Mirrors: A Brief Theoretical Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I11. Atom Resonators: Fabry-Ptrot Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Atom Waveguides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Blue-Detuned Concave Atom Traps .......................... VI Red-Detuned Convex Atom Traps and Guides VII . Conclusions and Summary References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... ............................... 2 10 23 39 59 75 88 90 Optical Lattices P. S. Jessen and I . H. Deutsch ....................................... ............................ .......................... ...................... I. Introduction I1. The 1D Lin ILin Model System I11. Crystallography of Optical Lattices 1V. Laser Cooling in Optical Lattices: Theory V . Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI . New Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References ....................................... 95 97 104 109 119 128 136 Channeling Heavy Ions through Crystalline Lattices Herbert F. Krause and Sheldon Datz ....................................... ................................... ................................. .............................. .............................. .............................. I. Introduction I1 Channeling Trajectories and Interactions Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I11. Planar Channeling IV. Axial Channeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Experimental Methods VI . ChargeChangingCollisions VII . Radiative Electron Capture VIII . Electron Impact Ionization .