Advances in PARASITOLOGY V O L U M E 10 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by BEN DAWES Professor Emeritus, University of London V O L U M E 10 1972 ACADEMIC PRESS London and New York ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWl United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright @ 1972 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. AII Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-22124 ISBN: 0-12-03 1710-9 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ADLARD AND SON LTD, BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKING CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 10 JOHNR. BAKER,Molten0 Institute, University of Cambridge, England (p. 1) GORDON F. BENNETT,Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada (p. 1) GLENW. CLARK, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington State College, Ellensburg, Washington, U.S.A. (p. 1) ALEXANDER FLETCHER, Department of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England (pp. 31 and 49) DONALDHEYNEMAN, Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 94122, U.S.A. (p. 191) LAIRD,Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada (p. 1) MARSHALL *DONALD L. LEE,Houghton Poultry Research Station, Houghton, Huntingdon, England (p. 347) HOK-KAN LIM, Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 94122, U.S.A. (p. 191) Department of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England (pp. 3 1 and 49) BRIAN MAEGRAITH, ZBIGNIEW PAWLOWSKI, Clinic of Parasitic Diseases, Przybyszewskiego 49, Poznan, Poland (p. 269) C. PEARSON, Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia (p. 153) JOHN tKLAus ROHDE,Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia (p. 78) MYRONG. Scnurrz, Center for Disease Control, U S . Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. (p. 269) * Author in the section “Short Review” Present address: Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Leeds, Leeds, England. t Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Khartoum, Sudan. This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE At the end of a decade and with ten volumes of Advances in Parasitology published I may be permitted to make an appraisal of a series of books which, because of a regular annual addition, has been regarded wrongly in some biological bibliographies as a scientific journal. Now that Volume 10 has appeared, 68 contributors have produced 57 original reviews and (since 1968) 15 short updated reviews, a vast summation of modern biological information and ideas in the field of parasitology. Thirty-one contributors lived in Great Britain, nine in Australia, ten in the U.S.A., six in Canada, three in Brazil, two each in Czechoslovakia, Poland, South Africa and Japan, and one in Israel. At my request, these writers found the time to record their thoughts and research experiences in well documented reviews. This may have cost innumerable man-hours, as have my editorial duties, but the benefit gained by stimulating teachers and researchers to greater effort in parasitology could hardly be reckoned in such units. Sixteen reviews deal with Protozoa, 13 with Trematoda, five with Cestoda and Acanthocephala, 12 with Nematoda, five with “helminths” and six with various parasitological topics. In the entire sequence of re