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Pedagogical Color Chart Mechanics Displacement and position vectors
Linear (p) and angular (L) momentum vectors
Linear (v) and angular (v) velocity vectors Velocity component vectors
Torque vectors ( t ) Linear or rotational motion directions
Force vectors (F) Force component vectors
Springs Pulleys
Acceleration vectors (a) Acceleration component vectors
Electricity and Magnetism Electric fields
Capacitors
Magnetic fields
Inductors (coils)
Positive charges
+
Voltmeters
V
Negative charges
–
Ammeters
A
AC Sources
Resistors Batteries and other DC power supplies Switches
– +
Ground symbol Current
Light and Optics Light rays
Objects
Lenses and prisms
Images
Mirrors
Some Physical Constants Quantity
Symbol
Valuea
Atomic mass unit
u
Avogadro’s number
NA
1.660 538 86 (28) ⫻ 10⫺27 kg 931.494 043 (80) MeV/c 2 6.022 141 5 (10) ⫻ 1023 particles/mol
Bohr magneton
mB ⫽
Bohr radius
a0 ⫽
Boltzmann’s constant
kB ⫽
R NA
1.380 650 5 (24) ⫻ 10⫺23 J/K
Compton wavelength
lC ⫽
h mec
2.426 310 238 (16) ⫻ 10⫺12 m
Coulomb constant
ke ⫽
Deuteron mass
md
Electron mass
me
Electron volt Elementary charge Gas constant Gravitational constant
eV e R G
Josephson frequency –voltage ratio
2e h
Magnetic flux quantum
⌽0 ⫽
Neutron mass
mn
Nuclear magneton
mn ⫽
Permeability of free space
m0
eប 2m e ប2
me e 2ke
1 4pP0
9.274 009 49 (80) ⫻ 10⫺24 J/T 5.291 772 108 (18) ⫻ 10⫺11 m
8.987 551 788 . . . ⫻ 109 N ⭈m2/C2 (exact) 3.343 583 35 (57) ⫻ 10⫺27 kg 2.013 553 212 70 (35) u 9.109 382 6 (16) ⫻ 10⫺31 kg 5.485 799 094 5 (24) ⫻ 10⫺4 u 0.510 998 918 (44) MeV/c 2 1.602 176 53 (14) ⫻ 10⫺19 J 1.602 176 53 (14) ⫻ 10⫺19 C 8.314 472 (15) J/mol ⭈ K 6.674 2 (10) ⫻ 10⫺11 N ⭈m2/kg2 4.835 978 79 (41) ⫻ 1014 Hz/V
h 2e
2.067 833 72 (18) ⫻ 10⫺15 T ⭈m2 1.674 927 28 (29) ⫻ 10⫺27 kg 1.008 664 915 60 (55) u 939.565 360 (81) MeV/c 2
eប 2m p
5.050 783 43 (43) ⫻ 10⫺27 J/T 4p ⫻ 10⫺7 T ⭈m/A (exact)
1
8.854 187 817 . . . ⫻ 10⫺12 C2/N ⭈m2 (exact)
Permittivity of free space
P0 ⫽
Planck’s constant
h
6.626 069 3 (11) ⫻ 10⫺34 J ⭈s
h ប⫽ 2p
1.054 571 68 (18) ⫻ 10⫺34 J ⭈s
Proton mass
mp
Rydberg constant Speed of light in vacuum
RH c
1.672 621 71 (29) ⫻ 10⫺27 kg 1.007 276 466 88 (13) u 938.272 029 (80) MeV/c 2 1.097 373 156 852 5 (73) ⫻ 107 m⫺1 2.997 924 58 ⫻ 108 m/s (exact)
m 0c 2
Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2002 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. For a more complete list, see P. J. Mohr and B. N. Taylor, “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2002.” Rev. Mod. Phys. 77:1, 2005. a
The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.
Solar System Data Body Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Plutoa Moon Sun
Mass (kg)
Mean Radius (m)
Period (s)
Distance from the Sun (m)
3.18 ⫻ 1023 4.88 ⫻ 1024 5.98 ⫻ 1024 6.42 ⫻ 1023 1.90 ⫻ 1027 5.68 ⫻ 1026 8.68 ⫻ 1025 1.03 ⫻ 1026 ⬇1.4 ⫻ 1022 7.36 ⫻ 1022 1.991 ⫻ 1030
2.43 ⫻ 106 6.06 ⫻ 106 6.37 ⫻ 106 3.37 ⫻ 106 6.99 ⫻ 107 5.85 ⫻ 107 2.33 ⫻ 107 2.21 ⫻ 107 ⬇1.5 ⫻ 106 1.74 ⫻ 106 6.96 ⫻ 1