Contributors to This Volume James B. Courtright Roger G. Deeley Robert F. Goldberger James A. Hoch James B. Kitzmiller Kathleen P. Mullinix Willem J. Ouweneel David M. Prescott ADVANCES IN GENETICS VOLUME 18 Edited by E. W. CASPARI Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester, New York 1976 ACADEMIC PRESS NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO LONDON A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT 6 1976, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY F O R M OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRlTlNQ FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road. London N W l LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 47-30313 ISBN 0-12-017618-1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 18 Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. JAMES B. COURTRIGHT (249) Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin ) ROGERG. DEELEY(1), Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland ROBERT F. GOLDBERGER (1), Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland JAMES A. HOCH (69)) Department of Microbiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California JAMES B. KITZMILLER (315), Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida KATHLEEN P. MULLINIX (1), Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland WILLEMJ. OUWENEEL (179), Hubrecht Laboratory (International Embryological Institute) , Utrecht, Netherlands DAVIDPIT. PRESCOTT (99) , Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado vii REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS . . Robert F Goldberger. Roger G Deeley. and Kathleen P. Mullinix Laboratory of Biochemistry. National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health. Betherda. Maryland I . Introduction . . . . . . . . A . The Lactose Operon . . . . B . The Tryptophan Operon . . C . The Arabinose Operon . . . D . Other Systems . . . . . I11. Autogenous Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV . Cyclic AMP and Catabolite Repression . . . . A . TheGlucoseEffect . . . . . . . . . B . CyclioAMP . . . . . . . . . . . C . Control of Cyclic AMP Concentrations . . . D . The Mechanism of Action of Cyclic AMP . . V . Stringency . . . . . . . . . . . . VI . RNA Polymerase . . . . . . . . . . A . Enzymestructure . . . . . . . . . . B . Transcription Factors . . . . . . . . C . New Polymerases . . . . . . . . . I). Polymerase Modifications . . . . . . . E . Inhibitory Proteins . . . . . . . . . F . Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . VII . Translational Control . . . . . . ..- . . VIII . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Examples of Regulated Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6 15 17 18 21 24 24 25 26 27 29 33 33 34 42 43 45 46 47 53 54 .