ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 98 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF PETER W. HAWKES CEMES/ Laboratoire d 'OptiqueElectronique du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque Toulouse, France ASSOCIATE EDITORS BENJAMIN W A N Xerox Corporation Palo Alto Research Center Palo Alto, California TOM MULVEY Department of Electronic Engineering and Applied Physics Aston University Birmingham, United Kingdom Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics EDITED BY PETER W. HAWKES CEMES / Laboratoire d’Optique Electronique du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Toulouse, France VOLUME 98 ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1996 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX, UK http:llwww.hbuk.co.uklapl International Standard Serial Number: 1076-5670 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-014740-8 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 97 9 8 9 9 00 01 BC 9 8 7 6 5 96 4 3 2 I CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS ...................................... PREFACE .......................................... Quantitative Particle Modeling DONALD GREENSPAN I. General Introduction ........................ 11. Melting Points ............................. 111. Colliding Microdrops of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Crack Development in a Stressed Copper Plate ..... V. Liquid Drop Formation on a Solid Surface . . . . . . . . . VI. Fluid Bubbles ............................. VII. Rapid Kinetics ............................ VIII. Speculative Model of the Diatomic Molecular Bond . . References ............................... Theory of the Recursive Dyadic Green’s Function for Inhomogeneous Ferrite Canonically Shaped Microstrip Circulators CLIFFORD M. KROWNE Introduction .............................. I. Introduction to the Two-Dimensional Treatment .... 11. Green’s Function Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Two-Dimensional Field Relationships in Cylindrical Coordinates .............................. IV. Two-Dimensional Governing Helmholtz Wave Equation ................................ V. Two-DimensionalFields in the Inner Disk . . . . . . . . . VI. Two-DimensionalFields in the Annuli . . . . . . . . . . . VII. Two-Dimensional Boundary Conditions and the Disk-First Annulus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII. Two-DimensionalIntra-annuli Boundary Conditions . V ix xi 2 6 13 21 30 44 61 67 74 78 79 81 83 86 87 88 90 92 vi CONTENTS IX. Two-Dimensional Nth-Annulus-Outer Region Boundary Conditions . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X. Two-Dimensional Dyadic Green’s Function within the Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI. Two-Dimensional Dyadic Green’s Function in the Annulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X I . Two-Dimensional Dyadic Green’s Function on the Outer Annulus-Port Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII. Circuit Parameters in the Two-Dimensional Model . . XIV. Scattering Parameters for a Three-Port Circulator in the Two-Dimensional Model . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV. Limiting Aspects of the Two-Dimensional Model . . . . XVI. Summary of the Two-DimensionalModel . . . . . . . . . XVII. Introduction to the Three-DimensionalTheo