Advances In Dendritic Macromolecules : 1995 (advances In Dendritic Macromolecules) (advances In Dendritic Macromolecules)

ADVANCES IN DENDRlTlC MACROMOLECULES Volume 2 1995 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES Editor: G E O R G E R. N E W K O M E Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa, Florida VOLUME 2 1995 @) Greenwich, Connecticut JAI PRESS INC. London, England Copyright O 1995 by l A l PRESS INC. 55 Old Post Road, No. 2 Greenwich, Connecticut 06836 ]A/ PRESS L TD. The Courtyard 28 High Street Hampton Hill, Middlesex TW12 1PD England All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, filming, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN: 1-55938-939-7 Manufactured in the United States of America CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE George R. Newkome THE CONVERGENT-GROWTHAPPROACH TO DENDRlTlC MACROMOLECULES Craig 1. Hawker and Karen L. Wooley CASCADE MOLECULES: BUILDING BLOCKS, MULTIPLE FUNCTIONALIZATION, COMPLEXING UNITS, PHOTOSWITCHING Rolf Moors and Fritz Vijgtle IONIC DENDRIMERS AND RELATED MATERIALS Robert Engel SILICON-BASED STARS, DENDRIMERS, AND HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS Lon 1.Mathias and Terrell W. Carothers HIGHLY BRANCHED AROMATIC POLYMERS: THEIR PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS Young H. Kim DENDRlTlC BOLAAMPHIPHILES AND RELATED MOLECULES Gregory H. Escamilla lNDEX This Page Intentionally Left Blank LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Terrell W. Carothers Department of Polymer Science University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi Robert Engel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing, New York Gregory H. Escamilla Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Craig J. Hawker IBM Research Division Almaden Research Center San Jose, California Young H. Kim DuPont Central Research and Development Experimental Station Wilmington, Delaware Lon J. Mathias Department of Polymer Science University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi Rolf Moors Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universitat Bonn Bonn, Germany Fritz Vogtle Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universitat Bonn Bonn, Germany VII LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Karen L Wooley Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis, Missouri PREFACE As recently illustrated by Professor Vogtle in a highlight (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 55, 2413) concerning dendritic chemistry, annual publications in this field are increasing at an incredible rate. As the combinations of building blocks and cores proliferate, the diversity of the resultant macromolecules will continue to expand our knowledge of new unnatural molecules with specific composition. This review series was organized to cover the synthetic, as well as chemical, aspects of this expanding field: the chemistry to and supramolecular chemistry of dendritic or cascade supermolecular compounds. Since one-step procedures to the related hyperbranched polymer are close cousins to the dendritic family, reviews have also been incorporated. In Chapter 1, Hawker and Wooley delineate the convergent growth approach to dendrimers, then relate their three-dimensional architectures to different block polymers. In Chapter 2, Moors and Vogtle describe Professor Vogtle's initial cascade molecules via the repetitive strategy, then expand his original concepts of its application by others, and lastly delineate the synthesis of a new series of tosylamide cascades. They also demonstrate the utility of his original Michael addition/reduction procedure by its ap