Advances in PARASITOLOGY VOLUME 51 Editorial Board M. Coluzzi, Director, Istituto de Parassitologia, Università Degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy C. Combes, Laboratoire de Biologie Animale, Université de Perpignan, Centre do Biologie et d’Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, Avenue de Villeneuve, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France D.D. Despommier, Division of Tropical Medicine and Environmental Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA J.J. Shaw, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil K. Tanabe, Laboratory of Biology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya Asahi-Ku, Osaka, 535, Japan P. Wenk, Falkenweg 69, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by J.R. BAKER Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, England R. MULLER London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England and D. ROLLINSON The Natural History Museum, London, England VOLUME 51 Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press An Imprint of Elsevier Science 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press An Imprint of Elsevier Science 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com ISBN 0-12-031751-6 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by M Rules, London, UK Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall 02 03 04 05 06 07 MP 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 51 B. FRIED, Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, USA A. HEMPHILL, Institute of Parasitology, University of Berne, LänggassStrasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] K. KITA, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan D.A. MAYER, Department of Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA M. SILES-LUCAS, Unidad de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida del Campo Charro sn, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. Email: [email protected] S. TAKAMIYA, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE As this volume was going to press, we were saddened to hear of the death, at the age of 88, of Professor W. H. Russell Lumsden. Russell succeeded Ben Dawes, the founder, as senior editor of Advances in Parasitology in 1978 (Vol. 16), assisted by two of us (J. B. and R. M.), and continued in that role until 1982 (Vol. 20). He subsequently continued to serve as an editorial board member until prevented by illness a few years ago. Russell had a distinguished and varied scientific career. He qualified initially as a zoologist in Glasgow in 1935, and subsequently in medicine in 1938. He was awarded a DSc by the University of Glasgow in 1956 and an MD in 1975. Russell served in the British Army during the 1939–45 war, latterly as commanding officer of N