War And Society In The Roman World (leicester-nottingham Studies In Ancient Society)

Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society Volume 5 WAR AND SOCIETY IN THE ROMAN WORLD WAR AND SOCIETY IN THE ROMAN WORLD Edited by JOHN RICH and GRAHAM SHIPLEY London and New York First published 1993 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1993 John Rich, Graham Shipley and individual contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data War and society in the Roman world/edited by John Rich and Graham Shipley. p. cm.—(Leicester-Nottingham studies in ancient society; v. 5) Selected, revised versions of papers from a series of seminars sponsored by the Classics Departments of Leicester and Nottingham Universities, 1988–1990. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Military art and science—Rome—History. 2. Rome—History, Military. 3. Sociology, Military—Rome—History. I. Rich, John. II. Shipley, Graham. III. Series. U35.W34 1993 355′.00937–dc20 92–36698 ISBN 0-203-07554-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-22120-6 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-06644-1 (Print Edition) Contents List of illustrations Notes on contributors Preface Abbreviations Introduction JOHN RICH 1 The Roman conquest of Italy STEPHEN OAKLEY 2 Fear, greed and glory: the causes of Roman war-making in the middle Republic JOHN RICH 3 Urbs direpta, or how the Romans sacked cities ADAM ZIOLKOWSKI 4 Military organization and social change in the later Roman Republic JOHN PATTERSON vii viii ix x 1 9 38 69 92 5 Roman poetry and anti-militarism DUNCAN CLOUD 113 6 The end of Roman imperial expansion TIM CORNELL 139 7 Roman peace GREG WOOLF 171 vi Contents 8 Piracy under the principate and the ideology of imperial eradication DAVID BRAUND 195 9 War and diplomacy: Rome and Parthia, 31 BC–AD 235 BRIAN CAMPBELL 213 10 Philosophers’ attitudes to warfare under the principate HARRY SIDEBOTTOM 241 11 The end of the Roman army in the western empire WOLFGANG LIEBESCHUETZ 265 12 Landlords and warlords in the later Roman Empire DICK WHITTAKER 277 Index 303 Illustrations Figures 2.1 Legions in service by five-year periods, 200–91 BC 46 2.2 Triumphs and ovations per decade, 330–91 BC 50 2.3 Consuls assigned overseas provinces per decade, 200–91 BC 51 Table 1.1 Captives enslaved by Rome, 297–293 BC 25 Contributors David Braund is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Exeter. Brian Campbell is Lecturer in Ancient History at the Queen’s University of Belfast. Duncan Cloud is Associate Senior Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Leicester. Tim Cornell is Senior Lecturer in History at University College London. Wolfgang Liebeschuetz is Emeritus Professor of Classics and Ancient History at the