Biophysico-chemical Processes Of Heavy Metals And Metalloids In Soil Environments (wiley Series Sponsored By Iupac In Biophysico-chemical Processes In Environmental Systems)

BIOPHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS BIOPHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS Edited by ANTONIO VIOLANTE PAN MING HUANG GEOFFREY MICHAEL GADD A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright  2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and speciÞcally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or Þtness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of proÞt or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Wiley Bicentennial Logo: Richard J. PaciÞco Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Biophysico-chemical processes of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments / edited by Antonio Violante, Pan Ming Huang, Geoffrey Michael Gadd. p. cm.— (Wiley-IUPAC series. Biophysico-chemical processes in environmental systems) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-471-73778-0 (cloth) 1. Heavy metals—Environmental aspects. 2. Soil pollution. 3. Soils–Heavy metal content. I. Violante, A. (Antonio) II. Huang, P. M. III. Gadd, Geoffrey M. TD879.H4B55 2007 628.5’5—dc22 2007019078 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE xiii SERIES PREFACE ABOUT THE EDITORS PART I 1 xv xvii FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC INTERACTIONS OF M