The Science Of Crystallization: Macroscopic Phenomena And Defect Generation

This book, together with its companion volume The science of crystallization: microscopic interfacial phenomena, make up a complete course that will teach an advanced student how to understand and analyze scientifically any of the phenomena that are observed during natural or technological crystallization from any medium and via any technique. It is an advanced text that goes into considerable detail concerning the many elements of knowledge needed to understand both quantitatively and qualitatively a crystallization event. This particular volume, having briefly reviewed the important findings of the companion volume, then deals specifically with convection, heat transport and solute transport to describe both steady state and transient solute distributions in bulk crystals, small crystallites of various shapes and thin films. The author then integrates all these factors to describe interface stability for interfaces of different shapes plus the dominant morphological characteristics found in crystals during either single phase or polyphase crystallization. The concepts are extended to embrace biological crystallization and the connecting links between the morphological features of polymer crystallization and simple organic molecule crystallization. The generation of physical and chemical defects is treated for both bulk crystals and thin films, to show both the origins of these faults and some procedures for eliminating them. A variety of mathematical examples are utilised to help the student gain a quantitative understanding of this topic area. Both the present book and its companion volume are much more broadly based and science oriented than other available books in this field, and are therefore more able to address any area of application, ranging from the production of dislocation-free single crystals in bulk or film form, at one extreme, to structurally sound large metal ingots, at the other. This book and its companion can be used independently of each other, and together they provide the basis for advanced courses on crystallization in departments of materials science, metallurgy, electrical engineering, geology, chemistry, chemical engineering and physics. In addition the books will be invaluable to scientists and engineers in the solid state electronics, optoelectronics, metallurgical and chemical industries involved in any form of crystallization and thin film formation. The science of crystallization: macroscopic phenomena and defect generation The science of crystallization: macroscopic phenomena and defect generation William A. Tiller Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge New York Port Chester Melbourne Sydney CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Mad