An Introduction To English Morphology

01 pages i-viii prelims 18/10/01 3:42 pm Page i An Introduction to English Morphology 01 pages i-viii prelims 18/10/01 3:42 pm Page ii Edinburgh Textbooks on the English Language General Editor Heinz Giegerich, Professor of English Linguistics (University of Edinburgh) Editorial Board Laurie Bauer (University of Wellington) Derek Britton (University of Edinburgh) Olga Fischer (University of Amsterdam) Norman Macleod (University of Edinburgh) Donka Minkova (UCLA) Katie Wales (University of Leeds) Anthony Warner (University of York)      An Introduction to English Syntax Jim Miller An Introduction to English Phonology April McMahon An Introduction to English Morphology Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy 01 pages i-viii prelims 18/10/01 3:42 pm Page iii An Introduction to English Morphology Words and Their Structure Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy Edinburgh University Press 01 pages i-viii prelims 18/10/01 3:42 pm Page iv To Jeremy © Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, 2002 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in Janson by Norman Tilley Graphics and printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin A CIP Record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7486 1327 7 (hardback) ISBN 0 7486 1326 9 (paperback) The right of Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Contents Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Recommendations for reading viii 1 3 2 Words, sentences and dictionaries 2.1 Words as meaningful building-blocks of language 2.2 Words as types and words as tokens 2.3 Words with predictable meanings 2.4 Non-words with unpredictable meanings 2.5 Conclusion: words versus lexical items Exercises Recommendations for reading 4 4 5 6 9 12 13 14 3 A word and its parts: roots, affixes and their shapes 3.1 Taking words apart 3.2 Kinds of morpheme: bound versus free 3.3 Kinds of morpheme: root, affix, combining form 3.4 Morphemes and their allomorphs 3.5 Identifying morphemes independently of meaning 3.6 Conclusion: ways of classifying word-parts Exercises Recommendations for reading 16 16 18 20 21 23 26 27 27 4 A word and its forms: inflection 4.1 Words and grammar: lexemes, word forms and grammatical words 4.2 Regular and irregular inflection 4.3 Forms of nouns 4.4 Forms of pronouns and determiners 4.5 Forms of verbs 28 28 31 34 38 39 01 pages i-viii prelims vi 18/10/01 3:42 pm Page vi AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY 4.6 4.7 Forms of adjectives Conclusion and summary Exercises Recommendations for reading 40 42 42 43 5 A word and its relatives: derivation 5.1 Relationships between lexemes 5.2 Word classes and conversion 5.3 Adverbs derived from adjectives 5.4 Nouns derived from nouns 5.5 Nouns derived from members of other word classes 5.6 Adjectives derived from adjectives 5.7 Adj