E-Book Overview
Scale or deposits can build up in the well-bore tubulars and other down-hole components causing considerable damage to the well. Infrastructure provides the supports for the well's system and with oil and gas consumption on the rise and transportation needed to feed the demand, all petroleum and pipeline engineers must have accurate corrosion and scaling information. This book provides the knowledge that engineers need to manage the problems encountered.
E-Book Content
The Fundamentals of Corrosion and Scaling for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers
George V. Chilingar School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Ryan Mourhatch School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Ghazi D. Al-Qahtani Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Saudi Aramco, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Houston, Texas
The Fundamentals of Corrosion and Scaling for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers Copyright 0 2008 by Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of the publisher. Gulf Publishing Company 2 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1020 Houston. TX 77046 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Chilingar, George V., 1929The Fundamentals of Corrosion and Scaling for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers / George V. Chilingar, Ryan Mourhatch, Ghazi D. Al-Qahtani. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-933762-30-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-933762-30-6 (alk. paper) 1. Oil fields--Equipment and supplies-Corrosion. 2. Corrosion and anti-corrosives. I. Mourhatch, Ryan. 11. Al-Qahtani, Ghazi. 111. Title. TN8715C4965 2008 622’33820284-dc22 2008022307 Printed in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper. 00
PREFACE
This volume on the Fundamentals of Corrosion and Scaling for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers is a timely contribution to the petroleum industry. This text was designed for use as a primer, a university textbook, and a reference guide, making it appropriate for both the university students and practicing engineers. The text begins with an overview of the chemical and physical fundamentals of corrosion and scaling, starting at an intuitive level and proceeding into complexities of rate-driven chemical reactions that are encountered in actual field operations. The text proceeds into corrosion mitigative measures including chemical, mechanical, and biological COz,and HzS.Extensive review control of important corrosive gases: 02, is presented with regard to protective coatings and multimillion-dollar industry of cathodic protection-using abundant examples and applications obtained from the present-day oilfield practice and past case histories. Particular emphasis is placed on the prediction of scale formation in injection water. The chapter on corrosion and scale prevention in waterflood operations focuses on the water-handling facilities, where water is treated and injected at rates typically exceeding over one million barrels per day, for example. The book is concluded with the chapter on Economics, followed by an extensive glossary, and sample problems and questions for students. Dr. George V. Chilingar has been serving as a professor of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC) since 1954. This volume is the sixty-fifth published book in the field of Petroleum Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Geology. This most xv
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recent text is a compendium of Dr. Chilingar’s course notes and practical experience in corrosion engineering that has successfully guided hundreds of his students in their practice of corrosion prevention. Marina M. Voskanian Chief, Planning and Development and Richa