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This volume contains review articles covering a broad range of topics in image processing and analysis. The topics covered include image analysis - which has united and harmonized a host of heterogeneous material; contemporary approaches to the Fourier transform; number theoretic transforms, which are particularly attractive for discrete, finite signals; the use of the Wigner distribution - which encodes both spatial and spectral information, for image filtering; and applications of the concept of information energy. These up-to-date surveys are intended to provide the reader with access to the latest results in the extremely active field of image science.
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ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 35
CONTRIBUTORS TO THISVOLUME George Abraham Jean-Loup Delcroix Richard G . Fowler R. N. Jackson K. E. Johnson Armando Rocha Trindade
Advances in
Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY L. MARTON Stnitlisoriiati Itwtitiitioil, Washitlgton. D.C. Assistarif Editor CLAIRE MARTON
EDITORIAL BOARD E. R . Piore T. E. Allibone M . Ponte H. B. G . Casimir A . Rose W. G . Dow L. P. Smith A . 0. C. Nier F. K . Willenbrock
VOLUME 35
1974
ACADEMIC PRESS
New York and London
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT 0 1974, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART O F THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New
York 10003
United Kingdom Ediiion published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWI
LIBRARY OF
PRINTED
CONGRESS CATALOG CARD
NUMBER:49-7504
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 35 . FOREWORD
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Vii
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Nonlinear Electron Acoustic Waves. Part I RICHARD G . FOWLER
I. 11. Ill. IV .
lntroduction . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory Experiments . . . . . Theories . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion to Part I . . . . . . List of Symbols . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . .
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Hollow Cathode Arcs JEAN-LOUP DELcnoix
I. I1. Ill . IV . V. VI . V11 . VIII .
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ARMANDO ROCHATRINDADE
lntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Historical Review of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working Regimes of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Conditions for Low-Pressure HCA (N. LQ, and LI Regimes) Experimental Results for the Normal Regime . . . . . . . Theory of the HCA in the N Regime . . . . . . . . . . Applications of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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88 91 92 103 109 157 175 184 185
Gas Discharge Displays: A Critical Review R . N . JACKSON and K . E . JOHNSON
I. I 1. 111. IV . V.
Introduction . . The Characteristics dc Arrays . . . ac Arrays . . . Conclusion . . References . . .
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