EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
PETER W. HAWKES CEMES-CNRS Toulouse, France
HONORARY ASSOCIATE EDITORS
TOM MULVEY BENJAMIN KAZAN
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PREFACE
Charged-particle optics enables us to study an extensive family of devices. At one extreme we have electron beams of low current density traversing static electron lenses, while at the other there are broad beams in which the current density may be very high and the optic axis curved. D. Greenfield and M. Monastyrskiy have assembled here many of the mathematical tools needed to study such situations; there is more emphasis than in most of the related books on the charged-particle optics of systems in which the current density is significant and on time-dependent focusing. In these respects, the present text complements those intended for students of electron optics. The contents of the individual chapters are presented in the authors’ Foreword and not repeated here. I shall, however, just draw attention to Chapter 5, in which the approach to the study of aberrations developed by the authors, the tau-variation technique, is presented at length. I am very pleased to include this useful text in these Advances, where so many articles on related topics have appeared over the years. I have no doubt that many readers will profit from the explanations set out so clearly here. Peter W. Hawkes
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FOREWORD Il n’existe pas de sciences applique´es mais seulement des applications de la science.There are no such things as applied sciences, only applications of science. Louis Pasteur, 1872
Charged particle optics, as one of the most intellectually saturated branches of science, has borrowed its theoretical and numerical methods from classical and celestial mechanics, light optics, mathematical physics, and perturbation theory. Contemporary charged particle optics represents a peculiar ‘‘alloy’’ that includes charged particle optics itself as a study of the regularities of motion of