E-Book Overview
Modern Physics, Second Edition provides a clear, precise, and contemporary introduction to the theory, experiment, and applications of modern physics. This eagerly awaited second edition puts the modern back into modern physics courses. Pedagogical features throughout the text focus the reader on the core concepts and theories while offering optional, more advanced sections, examples, and cutting-edge applications to suit a variety of courses. Critically acclaimed for his lucid style, in the second edition, Randy Harris applies the same insights into recent developments in physics, engineering, and technology. Physics at the Turn of the 20th Century, Special Relativity, Waves and Particles I: Electromagnetic Radiation Behaving as Particles, Waves and Particles II: Matter Behaving as Waves, Bound States: Simple Cases, Unbound States: Obstacles, Tunneling and Particle-Wave Propagation, Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions and The Hydrogen Atom, Spin and Atomic Physics, Statistical Mechanics, Bonding: Molecules and Solids, Nuclear Physics, Fundamental Particles and Interactions. For all readers interested in modern physics.
E-Book Content
MODERN
PHYSICS S E C O N D
E D IT I O N
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Physical Consta nts and Useful Values Speed of light Gravitational constant
2.99792458 X 108 mls 6.67 X 10-11 N. 2/ 2 m kg
c
G
Planck's constant
6.6260690 X 10-34 J. s 1.054572 X 1O-:J4 J s
BOltzmann constant
.
1.380650 X 10-23 JIK 6.0221418 X 1023 mol-I 1.60217649 X 10-19
Avogadro's number Fund amental charge Perrnitivity of free space
C
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Permeability of free space
47T X 10-7 NIA2
Coulomb constant
8.987552 X 109 N. m2 /C2
Electron mass
9.1093822 X IO-:J\ kg 1.6726217 X 10 2 7 kg 1.6749273 X 10-27 kg
Proton mass
-
Neutron mass Atomic mass unit
8.854187817 X 10- 1 2 C2/N' 2 m
u
1.6605389 X 10-27 kg = 931 .4941 MeV/c2
Conte nts
SectiollS marked willi a Gl lire optional and at Ihe same 11'1'1'1 as the main uctionJ, SeeliG/IS marked witll {/ rJ are optional mid more advanced.
Prefa ce
1
ix
The Dawn of a New Age
1.1 Troubling Questions
[
1.2 A Glimpse of the New World
3
2
Special Relati vity
2.1 Basic Ideas 2.2 Consequences of Einstein's Postulates
5 8 13
2.4 The 1\vin Paradox t!l
24
2.5 The Doppler Effect
28
2.6 Velocity Transformation
31
2.1 Momentum and Energy
33
2.8 General Relativity and a First Look 2.9 The light Barrier [!J 2.10 The Fourth Dimension rJ
3
43 54 56
Progress and Applications
60
Summary
61
Exercises
62
Waves and Particles I: Electromagnetic Radiation Behaving as Particles
13
3.1 Blackbody Radiation: A New
Fundamental Constant 3.2 The Photoelectric Effect
18
3.4 The Compton Effect
80
3.5 Pair Production
85
3.6 Is It a Wave or a Particl