Advances In Pharmacology, Vol. 39

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY ~ ~~~ VOLUME 39 SERIAL EDITORS J. Thomas August Ferid Murad Baltimore, Maryland Lake Forest, Illinois M. W. Anders Joseph T. Coyle Rochester, New York Belmont, Massachusetts ADVISORY BOARD R. Wayne Alexander Floyd E. Bloom Boston, Massachusetts La Jolla, California Thomas F. Burke Leroy Liu Houston, Texas Piscataway, New Jersey Anthony R. Means G. Alan Robison Durham, North Carolina Houston, Texas John A. Thomas Thomas C. Westfall San Antonio, Texas St. Louis, Missouri ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME 39 J. Thomas August Department of Pharmacology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland M. W. Anders Department of Pharmacology University of Rochester Rochester, New York Ferid Murad Lake Forest, Illinois Joseph Coyle Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed an acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1997 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-1997 chapters are as shown on the title pages, if no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 1054-3589/97 $25.00 Academic Press u division of Hurcourt Bruce & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX, UK http://ww.hbuk.co.uWap/ International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-032940-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 97 98 9 9 0 0 01 02 EB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors xiii Colorectal Cancer and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Walter E. Smalley and Raymond N. DuBois Introduction 1 The Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence 2 Prevention of Colon Cancer in Animal Models 2 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and NSAIDs 3 NSAIDs and Colorectal Neoplasia 5 A. Observational Studies 6 B. Clinical Trials 13 VI. Molecular Targets of NSAIDs 15 VII. Summary 1 6 References 17 I. 11. 111. IV. V. Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus and the Immune System Susan R. Ross I. Introduction 21 11. Endogenous and Exogenous Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses 22 A. Genome and Encoded Proteins 24 B. Regulation of MMTV Transcription 25 C. Mechanism of Tumorigenesis 2 7 V vi Contents 111. Superantigens and Their Interaction with T Cells 28 A. Bacteria