Chaos, Complexity And Transport: Theory And Applications

CHAOS, COMPLEXITY AND TRANSPORT T- CHAOS, COMPLEXITY AND TRANSPORT Theory and Applications Proceedings of the CCT '07 This page intentionally left blank CHAOS, COMPLEXITY AND TRANSPORT Theory and Applications Proceedingts of the CCT '07 Marseille, France 4 - 8 June 2007 edited by Cristel Chandre CNRS, France Xavier Leoncini Aix-Marseille Universite, France George Zaslavsky New York University, USA World Scientific N E W JERSEY * LONDON SINGAPORE * BEIJING - SHANGHAI * HONG KONG * TAIPEI 9 CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Re. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA ofice: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK ofice: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationData A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. CHAOS, COMPLEXITY AND TRANSPORT Theory and Applications Proceedings of the CCT'07 Copyright 0 2008 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Re. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereox may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN- 13 978-98 1-281-879-9 ISBN- 10 981 -281-879-0 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers V PREFACE Chaos and turbulence are ubiquitous features of physical systems. Their manifestations are very diverse and not always well understood. Improving knowledge in this field is not only important for our apprehension of non-linear physics but also essential to tame or control their behaviours. Moreover the interdisciplinary character of such phenomena which were observed notably in fluid dynamics, atomic physics, plasma physics, accelerator physics, celestial mechanics, condensed matter, among others, makes research in this field quite peculiar as any advance in one direction may have strong repercussions and consequences in others (Chaos!). As a shared interest one can notably consider transport properties. These are often characterised by Ldvy-type processes, strange (fractal) kinetics, intermittency, etc. Typically one finds that portions of the trajectories are almost regular for quite a long time. This phenomenon (Ldvy flight) gives rise to strong memory effects. History comes into play, and thus rules out the traditional use of Markov processes to model transport. What makes these properties so special is that they are associated with rare events in time but are crucial for the physical behaviour of the system. One may also emphasise on the important role played by coherent structures and their impact on transport. The classical approach to study transport dynamics has been complemented by various novel approaches, based on either the development of new physical and mathematical