Atomic And Laser Spectroscopy

ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY This page intentionally left blank ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY C L A R E N D O N PRESS • OXFORD OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press 1977 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 1977 Published in the Oxford Classics Series 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Corney, Alan Atomic and laser spectroscopy 1. Atomic spectroscopy 2. Laser spectroscopy I. Title 535'.84 QC454.A8 79-41196 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddies Ltd., King's Lynn ISBN 0–19–921145–0 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–921145–6 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 1 08 6 4 2 Preface It is now over forty years since Resonance radiation and excited atoms by A.C.G. Mitchell and M.W. Zemansky, (Cambridge University Press, 1934), first appeared. Since then there have been many advances, and in teaching for the Final Honour School of Physics at Oxford I have often felt the need of an up-to-date account of the progress that has been made in the field of optical physics, particularly during the last quarter of a century. This volume is an attempt to fill that need. The first five chapters of the book prepare the foundations of atomic physics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics which are necessary for an understanding of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with free atoms. The application of these concepts to processes involving the spontaneous emission of radiation is then developed in Chapters 6, 7, and 8 while stimulated transitions and the properties of gas and tunable dye lasers form the subject matter of Chapters 9 to 14. The l