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As modern society begins to re/examine its relationship with animals, as well as the larger global environment, the idea of small, utopian minorities as the only ones concerned with issues of animal welfare and environmental protections has begun to be replaced. Vast numbers of articulate supporters, from Hollywood stars to powerful political figures are now at the forefront of these fights. Animals, both wild and 8omestic--spotted owls, alley cats, lab rats and vanishing other species--are the most visible issue in the debates. This book brings together a broad range of contributions from the distinguished in the field. The book explores the importance of animals in society from sociological, historical and cross-cultural perspectives.
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ANIMALS AND HUMAN SOCIETY
To the memory of Professor David Wood-Gush, FRSE 1922–1992
ANIMALS AND HUMAN SOCIETY Changing perspectives
Edited by
Aubrey Manning and James Serpell
London and New York
First published 1994 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © Selection and editorial matter 1994 Aubrey Manning and James Serpell; individual chapters © 1994 respective author All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any storage or information retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Animals and human society: changing perspectives/ [edited by] Aubrey Manning and James Serpell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Human—animal relationships—Congresses 2. Animals—Social aspects—Congresses. I. Manning, Aubrey. II. Serpell, James. QL85.A53 1993 304.2–dc20 93–10557 ISBN 0-203-42144-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-72968-4 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-09155-1 (Print Edition)
CONTENTS
List of plates Notes on contributors Introduction
vii ix xi
1 FROM TRUST TO DOMINATION: AN ALTERNATIVE HISTORY OF HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONS Tim Ingold 2 THE UNNATURAL WORLD: BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROCESS OF DOMESTICATION Juliet Clutton-Brock 3 ANIMALS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD Calvin W.Schwabe 4 ANIMALS IN MEDIEVAL PERCEPTIONS: THE IMAGE OF THE UBIQUITOUS OTHER Esther Cohen 5 CRUELTY AND KINDNESS TO THE ‘BRUTE CREATION’: STABILITY AND CHANGE IN THE ETHICS OF THE MAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP, 1600–1850 Andreas-Holger Maehle 6 ANIMALS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN: COMPLICATED ATTITUDES AND COMPETING CATEGORIES Harriet Ritvo 7 PETS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSITIVE ATTITUDES TO ANIMALS James Serpell and Elizabeth Paul 8 MANAGING EMOTIONS IN AN ANIMAL SHELTER Arnold Arluke v
1
23 36
59
81
106
127 145
CONTENTS
9 ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARD WILDLIFE AMONG THE INDUSTRIAL SUPERPOWERS: THE UNITED STATES, JAPAN AND GERMANY Stephen R.Kellert 10 BRIDGE-BUILDING AT LAST Mary Midgley
166 188
Index
195
vi
LIST OF PLATES
Between pages 80–1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Images of the wild man: natives of Tierra del Fuego by Robert FitzRoy An encounter between an Inuit hunter and a caribou A depiction from Tomb 3, Beni Hasan, Egypt, c. 1900 BC A wolf and one of its domesticated descendants Th