The Internet Encyclopedia,

E-Book Overview

The only comprehensive guide to every Internet topic–from ActiveX to XBRL

The definitive, three-volume Internet Encyclopedia covers every aspect of the Internet for professionals. This up-to-date compendium offers a broad perspective on the Internet as a business tool, an IT platform, and a medium for communications and commerce. It presents leading-edge theory and recent developments as described by global experts from such prestigious institutions as Stanford University and Harvard University, and such leading corporations as Microsoft and Sun Microsystems. Available in print or in subscription-based online format, it’s the only resource that offers complete, up-to-the-moment coverage of fast-moving Internet technology.

Key features include:

  • Detailed cross-referencing and extensive references to additional reading
  • More than 200 articles vigorously peer-reviewed by more than 800 academics and practitioners from around the world
  • More than 1,000 illustrations and tables for in-depth understanding of complex subjects
  • Eleven major subject categories that address key issues in design, utilization, and management of Internet-based systems

E-Book Content

THE INTERNET ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume 3 P–Z Hossein Bidgoli Editor-in-Chief California State University Bakersfield, California THE INTERNET ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume 3 P–Z Hossein Bidgoli Editor-in-Chief California State University Bakersfield, California ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper.  C 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright  Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: [email protected] Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. The publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services, and you should consult a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit
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